安装vsftpd服务

$ sudo apt install vsftpd

# 或者

$ sudo apt-get install vsftpd

#安装完成后，查看ftp版本

$ vsftpd -v

# vsftpd: version 3.0.3

配置参数

备份vsftpd.conf

sudo cp /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf.orig

编辑vsftpd.conf

$ sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.conf

使用如下配置

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
# 是否允许匿名用户登录FTP服务器
# 是否允许匿名ftp,如否则选择NO，默认允许匿名访问，注意当允许是所有用户均视为匿名登录。
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# 是否允许本地用户访问，是指VSFTP所在机器上的注册用户。
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
# 是否允许本地用户修改和删除，是否允许上传文件，不开启会报 550 permission denied 
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077\. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#  默认的umask码 
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#  是否允许匿名用户上传
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
# 是否允许匿名用户的写和创建目录的权限
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
# 当切换目录时，是否显示该目录下message隐藏文件的内容
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
# 是否激活上传和下载的日志
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
# 是否启动FTP数据端口20的连接请求
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
# 是否改变上传文件的所有者
#chown_uploads=YES
# 改变上传文件的所有者为whoever
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
# 上传/下载日志文件所默认的路径
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
# 是否使用标准的ftpd xferlog日志格式
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
# 是否将在用户会话空闲10分钟后被中断
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
# 是否将在数据连接空闲2分钟后被中断
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
# 是否运行vsftpd需要的非特殊系统用户默认nobody
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
# 是否允许运行特殊的FTP命令async
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
# 是否启用上传的ascii传输方式
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
# 是否启用下载的ascii传输方式
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
# 用户连接服务器后显示信息
ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
# 是否允许某些匿名用户使用邮件地址（默认的）
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
# 用于指定用户列表文件中的用户是否允许切换到上级目录。默认值为NO。  
chroot_local_user=YES
# 设置是否启用chroot_list_file配置项指定的用户列表文件。默认值为NO。  
chroot_list_enable=YES
# user_sub_token=$USER
# local_root=/home/$USER/ftp
# (default follows)
#禁用的列表名单，格式为一行一个用户，用于指定用户列表文件，该文件用于控制哪些用户可以切换到用户家目录的上级目录。  
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=ftp
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO

#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
utf8_filesystem=YES

userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.user_list
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_deny=NO

allow_writeable_chroot=YES

配置说明

• anonymous_enable=NO 拒绝匿名登陆
• write_enable=YES 设置可以上传文件，这个设置看需要个人需要
• xferlog_enable=YES 开启日志记录
• xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log 设置日志文件路径
• xferlog_std_format=YES 设置日志格式为标准输出
• connect_from_port_20=YES 绑定20端口
• ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service. 欢迎语句，在使用shell时可以看到
• chroot_local_user=YES
• chroot_list_enable=YES
• chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
  上面的这几个配置实现的功能是：用户被限制在自己的主目录下。用户名单来源于/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
• user_sub_token=$USER
• local_root=/home/$USER/ftp
  添加一个user_sub_token ，以便插入用户名在我们local_root directory路径，以便我们的配置将为该用户，并可能被添加任何未来的用户
  此处的ftp是根据实际情况配置
• pam_service_name=ftp原配置中为vsftpd，ubuntu和Debian用户需要更改成ftp（折腾良久，一直提示拒绝登陆，问题的关键点在这里！）

• 如果登录后出现如下错误，则在/etc/vsftpd.conf文件内添加allow_writeable_chroot=YES

 500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot ()

• chroot_list_enable通过搭配能实现以下几种效果：
  • 当chroot_list_enable=YES，chroot_local_user=YES时，在/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list文件中列出的用户，可以切换到其他目录；未在文件中列出的用户，不能切换到其他目录。
  • 当chroot_list_enable=YES，chroot_local_user=NO时，在/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list文件中列出的用户，不能切换到其他目录；未在文件中列出的用户，可以切换到其他目录。
  • 当chroot_list_enable=NO，chroot_local_user=YES时，所有的用户均不能切换到其他目录。
  • 当chroot_list_enable=NO，chroot_local_user=NO时，所有的用户均可以切换到其他目录。

创建登录用户

#先创建ftp目录
$ sudo mkdir /home/ftparchive

#添加用户
$ sudo sudo useradd -d /home/ftparchive -s /bin/bash arcuser

#设置用户密码
$ sudo passwd arcuser

#设置ftp目录用户权限
$ sudo chown arcuser:arcuser /home/ftparchive

# 限制用户username只能通过ftp登陆，而不能直接登陆服务器，这个可以没有
$ sudo usermod -s /sbin/nologin arcuser

/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list要自己创建，并将arcuser放进去

添加vsftpd 登录用户

# 设置/etc/vsftpd.user_list，用于存放允许访问ftp的用户

sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.user_list

# 在/etc/vsftpd.user_list中添加允许登录ftp 的用户
# arcuser

添加vsftpd登录用户对目录树的权限

# 设置/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list，设置可列出、切换目录的用户：

sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

# 在/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list 设置可列出、切换目录的用户
# arcuser

启动vsftpd或者重启

systemctl start vsftpd 或 service vsftpd start

systemctl restart vsftpd 或 service vsftpd restart

验证ftp服务

使用filezilla或者打开文件管理器输入ftp://ipaddress