测试结论
1,可以配置多个监听器
2,多个监听器配置信息皆在listener.ora文件
3,每个监听器使用的不同的端口，默认端口为1521，非默认端口则为非1521
4,每个监听器使用独立的进程
5,数据库参数local_listener默认值为数据库IP及默认端口
6,如果在数据库参数local_listener不添加非默认监听器（或第2个监听器）对应的数据库IP及非默认端口，客户端通过TNS连接至第2个监听器，
会报错如下：
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
7,数据库参数local_listener为动态参数
8,数据库参数service_names默认为数据库名称，其为动态参数，其值对应lsnrctl status之service标识
9,不同客户端可以连接不同的监听器
10,第2次监听器必须为静态监听
测试明细
1,数据库实例god
[grid@zxy ~]$ ps -ef|grep pmon
grid 1914 1 0 Dec27 ? 00:00:02 asm_pmon_+ASM
oracle 2330 1 0 Dec27 ? 00:00:02 ora_pmon_god
grid 7917 7829 0 05:04 pts/0 00:00:00 grep pmon
2,数据库god已注册到监听器
[grid@zxy ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-DEC-2017 05:04:03
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 27-DEC-2017 21:41:51
Uptime 0 days 7 hr. 22 min. 11 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/zxy/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=zxy)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "god" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "god", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "godXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "god", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[grid@zxy ~]$
3,客户端会话1通过监听器连接数据库,而且客户端会话只能连接到指定的监听器（注：因为不同的监听器的端口不同）
[grid@zxy ~]$ vncserver
New 'zxy:1 (grid)' desktop is zxy:1
Starting applications specified in home/grid/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is home/grid/.vnc/zxy:1.log
[grid@zxy ~]$ more u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/tns
/u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/tns: No such file or directory
[grid@zxy ~]$ more u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
TNS_1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.0.0.8)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = god)
)
)
[grid@zxy ~]$ sqlplus system/system@tns_1
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Dec 28 05:13:57 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
4,配置第2个监听器
4.1,可见如果第2个监听器未配置注册数据库部分，即使手工alter system register，仍旧是无法注册到第2个监听器
[grid@zxy ~]$ more /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER_ZXY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = zxy)(PORT = 1522))
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER_ZXY = /u01/app/grid
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = zxy)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/grid
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER = ON
[grid@zxy ~]$ lsnrctl status listener_zxy
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-DEC-2017 05:20:29
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=zxy)(PORT=1522)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
[grid@zxy ~]$
[grid@zxy ~]$ lsnrctl start listener_zxy
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-DEC-2017 05:21:07
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/zxy/listener_zxy/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=zxy)(PORT=1522)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=zxy)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias listener_zxy
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 28-DEC-2017 05:21:08
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 1 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/zxy/listener_zxy/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=zxy)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
[grid@zxy ~]$
SQL> alter system register;
System altered.
[grid@zxy ~]$ lsnrctl status listener_zxy
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-DEC-2017 05:24:03
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=zxy)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias listener_zxy
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 28-DEC-2017 05:21:08
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 55 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/zxy/listener_zxy/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=zxy)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
[grid@zxy ~]$
4.2,可见第2个监听器如果配置静态即添加数据库地址及实例，则数据库可以注册到第2个监听器
[grid@zxy ~]$ more /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER_ZXY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = zxy)(PORT = 1522))
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER_ZXY = /u01/app/grid
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = zxy)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/grid
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER = ON
SID_LIST_LISTENER_ZXY =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = god)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid)
(SID_NAME = god)
)
)
[grid@zxy ~]$
[grid@zxy ~]$ lsnrctl start listener_zxy
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-DEC-2017 05:28:47
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/zxy/listener_zxy/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=zxy)(PORT=1522)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=zxy)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias listener_zxy
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 28-DEC-2017 05:28:47
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/zxy/listener_zxy/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=zxy)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "god" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "god", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[grid@zxy ~]$ sqlplus system/system@tns_1
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Dec 28 05:34:32 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
5，并且新建的第2个监听器，不会影响之前已存在的客户端会话（通过第1个监听器连接的）
6，在配置了第2个非默认端口 即1522的监听器，新的客户端会话会不会连接到 第2个创建的监听器呢？
[grid@zxy ~]$ more more /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
more: No such file or directory
::::::::::::::
/u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
::::::::::::::
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
TNS_2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.0.0.8)(PORT = 1522))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = god)
)
)
TNS_1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.0.0.8)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = god)
)
)
[grid@zxy ~]$ ps -ef|grep tns
root 10 2 0 Dec27 ? 00:00:00 [netns]
grid 1841 1 0 Dec27 ? 00:00:01 /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
grid 8463 1 0 05:28 ? 00:00:00 /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid/bin/tnslsnr listener_zxy -inherit
[grid@zxy ~]$ sqlplus system/system@tns_2
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Dec 28 05:43:50 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
Enter user-name:
zhaixunyang:~ zhaixunyang$ telnet 10.0.0.8 1521
Trying 10.0.0.8...
Connected to 10.0.0.8.
Escape character is '^]'.
^C
^CConnection closed by foreign host.
zhaixunyang:~ zhaixunyang$ telnet 10.0.0.8 1522
Trying 10.0.0.8...
Connected to 10.0.0.8.
Escape character is '^]'.
[grid@zxy ~]$ lsnrctl services listener_zxy
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-DEC-2017 05:45:33
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=zxy)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "god" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "god", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:4 refused:0
LOCAL SERVER
The command completed successfully
[oracle@zxy ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=god
[oracle@zxy ~]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Dec 28 05:55:12 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 906088448 bytes
Fixed Size 2258520 bytes
Variable Size 578816424 bytes
Database Buffers 318767104 bytes
Redo Buffers 6246400 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
[grid@zxy ~]$ lsnrctl services listener_zxy
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-DEC-2017 05:57:52
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=zxy)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "god" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "god", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:12 refused:0
LOCAL SERVER
The command completed successfully
---连续执行 3次，从第2个监听器之established为 16为已建立，实质没有构建客户端会话连接
[grid@zxy ~]$ sqlplus system/system@tns_2
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Dec 28 05:58:19 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
[grid@zxy ~]$ lsnrctl services listener_zxy
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-DEC-2017 05:58:55
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=zxy)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "god" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "god", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:16 refused:0
LOCAL SERVER
The command completed successfully
7,配置local_listener添加第2个监听器，客户端可以通过第2个监听器连接数据库
SQL> show parameter local_listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener string (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=
10.0.0.8)(PORT=1521))
SQL> alter system set local_listener='(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.0.0.8)(PORT = 1521))(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.0.0.8)(PORT = 1522))))' ;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter local_listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener string (DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(
ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOS
T = 10.0.0.8)(PORT = 1521))(AD
DRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST
= 10.0.0.8)(PORT = 1522))))
[grid@zxy ~]$ sqlplus system/system@tns_2
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Dec 28 06:47:58 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
[grid@zxy ~]$ sqlplus system/system@tns_1
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Dec 28 06:48:11 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
8，service_names可以动态修改且立即生效，可以重启库持久生效配置，即对应listener status之service标识,且local_listener同service_names同理
SQL> show parameter service
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names string god,godnew
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 906088448 bytes
Fixed Size 2258520 bytes
Variable Size 578816424 bytes
Database Buffers 318767104 bytes
Redo Buffers 6246400 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter service
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names string god,godnew
SQL> show parameter local_listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener string (DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(
ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOS
T = 10.0.0.8)(PORT = 1521))(AD
DRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST
= 10.0.0.8)(PORT = 1522))))
