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今天是2020年02月04日,二十四节气之一的立春。桃花春水渌,水上鸳鸯浴。本将是一片明丽的春色,一派盎然的春意,然而今年“不速之客”新型冠状病毒的突如其来,虽猝不及防,但是坚信我们能打赢这场病毒保卫战。万众一心除疫患,众志成城送瘟神!
没有一个冬天不可逾越,没有一个春天不会来临。无论2020开头多么艰难,相信阳光终会到来。
在这众志成城送瘟神日子里,很多小伙伴也陆续返回到工作地点,以远程办公或者轮流值班的方式开始新的一年工作,也祝大家在新的一年里工作顺利,事业有成。我们的博客也带来了最新的一篇《TRUNCATE TABLE恢复系列三:终极大招,BBED修改元数据恢复被TRUNCATE的表》。同时预告下期我们会推出TRUNCATE TABLE恢复系列四:利用ODU快速恢复被TRUNCATE的表。
在第一篇《 TRUNCATE TABLE恢复系列一:深层剖析内部原理 》(点击标题可直达原文)中说到:truncate的实质是在不修改数据块的情况下,通过修改segment header的data_object_id、hwm、extent map、aux map等信息来实现清空表的目的,其中还涉及数据字典基表以及L1、L2位图块的修改。
那么对于使用bbed修复元数据的方式去恢复,首先需要确认哪些元数据块和数据字典是需要恢复的呢?通过10046跟踪我们可以发现,全表扫描查询一定会访问segment header,但是不会去访问任何L1、L2位图块的,访问的数据字典基表包括user$、obj$、tab$、tab_stats$、ts$、seg$、ind$、ind_stats$、col$、objauth$、cdef$、histgrm$、hist_head$,这里重点关注通过10046跟踪truncate操作有更改的基表obj$、tab$、seg$、tab_stats$(统计信息不用管),其中seg$经过测试只要block#,file#,ts#不被更改就无需理会,而truncate操作是不会修改seg$的ts#、file#、block#的。
segment header(dataobj#,LHWM,HHWM,extent map,aux map以及extents个数)
tab$(dataobj#)
obj$(dataobj#)
下面提供segment header的信息对应的offset:
Extent Control Header
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Extent Header:: spare1: 0 spare2: 0 #extents: 28 #blocks: 1664
last map 0x00000000 #maps: 0 offset: 2716
Highwater:: 0x01405b83 ext#: 27 blk#: 3 ext size: 128
#blocks in seg. hdr's freelists: 0
#blocks below: 1539
mapblk 0x00000000 offset: 27
Unlocked
--------------------------------------------------------
Low HighWater Mark :
Highwater:: 0x01405b83 ext#: 27 blk#: 3 ext size: 128
#blocks in seg. hdr's freelists: 0
#blocks below: 1539
mapblk 0x00000000 offset: 27
Level 1 BMB for High HWM block: 0x01405b80
Level 1 BMB for Low HWM block: 0x01405b80
--------------------------------------------------------
Segment Type: 1 nl2: 1 blksz: 8192 fbsz: 0
L2 Array start offset: 0x00001434
First Level 3 BMB: 0x00000000
L2 Hint for inserts: 0x01400769
Last Level 1 BMB: 0x01405b81
Last Level II BMB: 0x01400769
Last Level III BMB: 0x00000000
Map Header:: next 0x00000000 #extents: 28 obj#: 16840 flag: 0x10000000
Inc # 0
Extent Map
-----------------------------------------------------------------
0x01400768 length: 8
0x01402f48 length: 8
0x01402f50 length: 8
0x01402f58 length: 8
0x01402f60 length: 8
0x01402f68 length: 8
0x01402f70 length: 8
0x01402f78 length: 8
0x01402e80 length: 8
0x01402e88 length: 8
0x01402e90 length: 8
0x01402e98 length: 8
0x01402ea0 length: 8
0x01402ea8 length: 8
0x01402eb0 length: 8
0x01402eb8 length: 8
0x01403f80 length: 128
0x01404000 length: 128
0x01404080 length: 128
0x01404180 length: 128
0x01405800 length: 128
0x01405880 length: 128
0x01405900 length: 128
0x01405980 length: 128
0x01405a00 length: 128
0x01405a80 length: 128
0x01405b00 length: 128
0x01405b80 length: 128
Auxillary Map
--------------------------------------------------------
Extent 0 : L1 dba: 0x01400768 Data dba: 0x0140076b
Extent 1 : L1 dba: 0x01400768 Data dba: 0x01402f48
Extent 2 : L1 dba: 0x01402f50 Data dba: 0x01402f51
Extent 3 : L1 dba: 0x01402f50 Data dba: 0x01402f58
Extent 4 : L1 dba: 0x01402f60 Data dba: 0x01402f61
Extent 5 : L1 dba: 0x01402f60 Data dba: 0x01402f68
Extent 6 : L1 dba: 0x01402f70 Data dba: 0x01402f71
Extent 7 : L1 dba: 0x01402f70 Data dba: 0x01402f78
Extent 8 : L1 dba: 0x01402e80 Data dba: 0x01402e81
Extent 9 : L1 dba: 0x01402e80 Data dba: 0x01402e88
Extent 10 : L1 dba: 0x01402e90 Data dba: 0x01402e91
Extent 11 : L1 dba: 0x01402e90 Data dba: 0x01402e98
Extent 12 : L1 dba: 0x01402ea0 Data dba: 0x01402ea1
Extent 13 : L1 dba: 0x01402ea0 Data dba: 0x01402ea8
Extent 14 : L1 dba: 0x01402eb0 Data dba: 0x01402eb1
Extent 15 : L1 dba: 0x01402eb0 Data dba: 0x01402eb8
Extent 16 : L1 dba: 0x01403f80 Data dba: 0x01403f82
Extent 17 : L1 dba: 0x01404000 Data dba: 0x01404002
Extent 18 : L1 dba: 0x01404080 Data dba: 0x01404082
Extent 19 : L1 dba: 0x01404180 Data dba: 0x01404182
Extent 20 : L1 dba: 0x01405800 Data dba: 0x01405802
Extent 21 : L1 dba: 0x01405880 Data dba: 0x01405882
Extent 22 : L1 dba: 0x01405900 Data dba: 0x01405902
Extent 23 : L1 dba: 0x01405980 Data dba: 0x01405982
Extent 24 : L1 dba: 0x01405a00 Data dba: 0x01405a02
Extent 25 : L1 dba: 0x01405a80 Data dba: 0x01405a82
Extent 26 : L1 dba: 0x01405b00 Data dba: 0x01405b02
Extent 27 : L1 dba: 0x01405b80 Data dba: 0x01405b82
--------------------------------------------------------
Second Level Bitmap block DBAs
--------------------------------------------------------
DBA 1: 0x01400769复制
下面是比较重要的segment header每个offset对应的含义:
假如确实发生了truncate table误操作,需要马上停应用,最好将表空间设置为offline或者read only,避免数据被覆盖。
通过之前对table full scan、segment header和前面truncate原理的分析,tfs不会读取L1,L2块,所以恢复的时候L1,L2块和具体存放数据的块都不用管,只需尝试通过修改段头块和基表信息来恢复truncate的数据,bbed修改段头块的具体offset含义见segment header章节。

修改段头块dataobj#
由于表可能不止一次被truncate,所以获取之前dataobj#最好的办法是通过logminer或者redo dump,这里我们使用的是redo dump。
REDO RECORD - Thread:1 RBA: 0x000055.0000001b.0080 LEN: 0x00ac VLD: 0x01
SCN: 0x0000.003ed056 SUBSCN: 1 04/21/2018 12:25:34
CHANGE #1 TYP:0 CLS:34 AFN:6 DBA:0x018002ee OBJ:4294967295 SCN:0x0000.003ed054 SEQ:1 OP:5.1 ENC:0 RBL:0
ktudb redo: siz: 64 spc: 822 flg: 0x0022 seq: 0x017b rec: 0x33
xid: 0x0009.00f.00000353
ktubu redo: slt: 15 rci: 50 opc: 14.5 objn: 1 objd: 16840 tsn: 5
Undo type: Regular undo Undo type: Last buffer split: No
Tablespace Undo: Yes
0x00000000
kteopu undo - undo operation on extent map
segdba: 0x140076a class: 4 mapdba:0x140076a offset: 2
rbr extent - dba: 0x0 nbk: 0x0
kteop redo - redo operation on extent map
CDOBJ: new object number:16840
CHANGE #2 TYP:0 CLS:4 AFN:5 DBA:0x0140076a OBJ:16840 SCN:0x0000.003ed050 SEQ:2 OP:14.4 ENC:0 RBL:0
kteop redo - redo operation on extent map
CDOBJ: new object number:16860复制

恢复段头块HWM
HWM信息可以从redo dump中获取:
REDO RECORD - Thread:1 RBA: 0x000055.00000016.0148 LEN: 0x01b8 VLD: 0x01
SCN: 0x0000.003ed050 SUBSCN: 5 04/21/2018 12:25:34
CHANGE #1 TYP:0 CLS:34 AFN:6 DBA:0x018002ee OBJ:4294967295 SCN:0x0000.003ed050 SEQ:3 OP:5.1 ENC:0 RBL:0
ktudb redo: siz: 164 spc: 1112 flg: 0x0022 seq: 0x017b rec: 0x30
xid: 0x0009.00f.00000353
ktubu redo: slt: 15 rci: 47 opc: 13.29 objn: 16840 objd: 16840 tsn: 5
Undo type: Regular undo Undo type: Last buffer split: No
Tablespace Undo: No
0x00000000
Segment Header Undo
Seghdr dba: 0x0140076a Mapblock dba: 0x00000000 Mapredo Offset: 4 scls: 4 mcls: 140733193388039
Both the HWMs
Low HWM
Highwater:: 0x01405b83 ext#: 27 blk#: 3 ext size: 128
#blocks in seg. hdr's freelists: 0
#blocks below: 1539
mapblk 0x00000000 offset: 27
lfdba: 0x01405b80
High HWM
Highwater:: 0x01405b83 ext#: 27 blk#: 3 ext size: 128
#blocks in seg. hdr's freelists: 0
#blocks below: 1539
mapblk 0x00000000 offset: 27
lfdba: 0x01405b80 hint dba: 0x01400769
Lasts in Header
LF: 20994945 LS: 20973417 LT: 0 FT: 0
CHANGE #2 TYP:0 CLS:4 AFN:5 DBA:0x0140076a OBJ:16840 SCN:0x0000.003ed050 SEQ:1 OP:13.28 ENC:0 RBL:0
Both the HWMs
Low HWM
Highwater:: 0x0140076b ext#: 0 blk#: 3 ext size: 8
#blocks in seg. hdr's freelists: 0
#blocks below: 0
mapblk 0x00000000 offset: 0
lfdba: 0x01400768
High HWM
Highwater:: 0x0140076b ext#: 0 blk#: 3 ext size: 8
#blocks in seg. hdr's freelists: 0
#blocks below: 0
mapblk 0x00000000 offset: 0
lfdba: 0x01400768 hint dba: 0x01400769
Lasts in Header
LF: 20973416 LS: 20973417 LT: 0 FT: 0
CHANGE #3 TYP:0 CLS:8 AFN:5 DBA:0x01400768 OBJ:16840 SCN:0x0000.003ed050 SEQ:2 OP:13.22 ENC:0 RBL:0
Redo on Level1 Bitmap Block
Redo to set hwm
Opcode: 32 Highwater:: 0x0140076b ext#: 0 blk#: 3 ext size: 8
#blocks in seg. hdr's freelists: 0
#blocks below: 0
mapblk 0x00000000 offset: 0复制
Highwater:: 0x01405b83 ext#: 27 blk#: 3 ext size: 128
变成了
Highwater:: 0x0140076b ext#: 0 blk#: 3 ext size: 8

恢复段头块extent map,Auxillary Map以及extent个数
extent信息和aux map信息同样可以从redo dump中获取:
REDO RECORD - Thread:1 RBA: 0x000055.00000027.0180 LEN: 0x0138 VLD: 0x01
SCN: 0x0000.003ed061 SUBSCN: 3 04/21/2018 12:25:35
CHANGE #1 TYP:0 CLS:17 AFN:6 DBA:0x01800120 OBJ:4294967295 SCN:0x0000.003ed061 SEQ:1 OP:5.2 ENC:0 RBL:0
ktudh redo: slt: 0x0014 sqn: 0x00000000 flg: 0x0002 siz: 112 fbi: 248
uba: 0x018006ea.018c.1f pxid: 0x0000.000.00000000
CHANGE #2 TYP:0 CLS:18 AFN:6 DBA:0x018006ea OBJ:4294967295 SCN:0x0000.003ed061 SEQ:1 OP:5.1 ENC:0 RBL:0
ktudb redo: siz: 112 spc: 3358 flg: 0x0022 seq: 0x018c rec: 0x1f
xid: 0x0001.014.00000297
ktubu redo: slt: 20 rci: 0 opc: 14.5 objn: 1 objd: 16860 tsn: 5
Undo type: Regular undo Undo type: Last buffer split: No
Tablespace Undo: Yes
0x00000000
kteopu undo - undo operation on extent map
segdba: 0x140076a class: 4 mapdba:0x140076a offset: 3
rbr extent - dba: 0x0 nbk: 0x0
kteop redo - redo operation on extent map
ADD: dba:0x1405b80 len:128 at offset:27 --truncate前的extent信息
ADDAXT: offset:27 fdba:x01405b80 bdba:0x01405b82 --truncate前的aux map信息
SETSTAT: exts:28 blks:1664 lastmap:0x0 mapcnt:0
CHANGE #3 TYP:0 CLS:4 AFN:5 DBA:0x0140076a OBJ:16860 SCN:0x0000.003ed061 SEQ:2 OP:14.4 ENC:0 RBL:0
kteop redo - redo operation on extent map
DELETE: entry:27
shift back: dba:0x0 len:0
SETSTAT: exts:27 blks:1536 lastmap:0x0 mapcnt:0复制
extent map:
[root@rescureora ~]# grep -i "ADD: dba" /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rescureora/rescureora/trace/rescureora_ora_7611.trc
ADD: dba:0x1405b80 len:128 at offset:27
ADD: dba:0x1405b00 len:128 at offset:26
ADD: dba:0x1405a80 len:128 at offset:25
ADD: dba:0x1405a00 len:128 at offset:24
ADD: dba:0x1405980 len:128 at offset:23
ADD: dba:0x1405900 len:128 at offset:22
ADD: dba:0x1405880 len:128 at offset:21
ADD: dba:0x1405800 len:128 at offset:20
ADD: dba:0x1404180 len:128 at offset:19
ADD: dba:0x1404080 len:128 at offset:18
ADD: dba:0x1404000 len:128 at offset:17
ADD: dba:0x1403f80 len:128 at offset:16
ADD: dba:0x1402eb8 len:8 at offset:15
ADD: dba:0x1402eb0 len:8 at offset:14
ADD: dba:0x1402ea8 len:8 at offset:13
ADD: dba:0x1402ea0 len:8 at offset:12
ADD: dba:0x1402e98 len:8 at offset:11
ADD: dba:0x1402e90 len:8 at offset:10
ADD: dba:0x1402e88 len:8 at offset:9
ADD: dba:0x1402e80 len:8 at offset:8
ADD: dba:0x1402f78 len:8 at offset:7
ADD: dba:0x1402f70 len:8 at offset:6
ADD: dba:0x1402f68 len:8 at offset:5
ADD: dba:0x1402f60 len:8 at offset:4
ADD: dba:0x1402f58 len:8 at offset:3
ADD: dba:0x1402f50 len:8 at offset:2
ADD: dba:0x1402f48 len:8 at offset:1
aux map:
[root@rescureora ~]# grep -i "ADDAXT:" /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rescureora/rescureora/trace/rescureora_ora_7611.trc
ADDAXT: offset:27 fdba:x01405b80 bdba:0x01405b82
ADDAXT: offset:26 fdba:x01405b00 bdba:0x01405b02
ADDAXT: offset:25 fdba:x01405a80 bdba:0x01405a82
ADDAXT: offset:24 fdba:x01405a00 bdba:0x01405a02
ADDAXT: offset:23 fdba:x01405980 bdba:0x01405982
ADDAXT: offset:22 fdba:x01405900 bdba:0x01405902
ADDAXT: offset:21 fdba:x01405880 bdba:0x01405882
ADDAXT: offset:20 fdba:x01405800 bdba:0x01405802
ADDAXT: offset:19 fdba:x01404180 bdba:0x01404182
ADDAXT: offset:18 fdba:x01404080 bdba:0x01404082
ADDAXT: offset:17 fdba:x01404000 bdba:0x01404002
ADDAXT: offset:16 fdba:x01403f80 bdba:0x01403f82
ADDAXT: offset:15 fdba:x01402eb0 bdba:0x01402eb8
ADDAXT: offset:14 fdba:x01402eb0 bdba:0x01402eb1
ADDAXT: offset:13 fdba:x01402ea0 bdba:0x01402ea8
ADDAXT: offset:12 fdba:x01402ea0 bdba:0x01402ea1
ADDAXT: offset:11 fdba:x01402e90 bdba:0x01402e98
ADDAXT: offset:10 fdba:x01402e90 bdba:0x01402e91
ADDAXT: offset:9 fdba:x01402e80 bdba:0x01402e88
ADDAXT: offset:8 fdba:x01402e80 bdba:0x01402e81
ADDAXT: offset:7 fdba:x01402f70 bdba:0x01402f78
ADDAXT: offset:6 fdba:x01402f70 bdba:0x01402f71
ADDAXT: offset:5 fdba:x01402f60 bdba:0x01402f68
ADDAXT: offset:4 fdba:x01402f60 bdba:0x01402f61
ADDAXT: offset:3 fdba:x01402f50 bdba:0x01402f58
ADDAXT: offset:2 fdba:x01402f50 bdba:0x01402f51
ADDAXT: offset:1 fdba:x01400768 bdba:0x01402f48复制
bbed修改后extent map恢复成功:
复制
BBED> d v offset 280
File: u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf (4)
Block: 1898 Offsets: 280 to 579 Dba:0x0100076a
-------------------------------------------------------
68074001 08000000 482f4001 08000000 l h.@.....H/@.....
502f4001 08000000 582f4001 08000000 l P/@.....X/@.....
602f4001 08000000 682f4001 08000000 l `/@.....h/@.....
702f4001 08000000 782f4001 08000000 l p/@.....x/@.....
802e4001 08000000 882e4001 08000000 l ..@.......@.....
902e4001 08000000 982e4001 08000000 l ..@.......@.....
a02e4001 08000000 a82e4001 08000000 l ..@.......@.....
b02e4001 08000000 b82e4001 08000000 l ..@.......@.....
803f4001 80000000 00404001 80000000 l .?@......@@.....
80404001 80000000 80414001 80000000 l .@@......A@.....
00584001 80000000 80584001 80000000 l .X@......X@.....
00594001 80000000 80594001 80000000 l .Y@......Y@.....
005a4001 80000000 805a4001 80000000 l .Z@......Z@.....
005b4001 80000000 805b4001 80000000 l .[@......[@.....
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 l ............
<16 bytes per line>
aux map恢复成功:
BBED> d v offset 2736
File: u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf (4)
Block: 1898 Offsets: 2736 to 3035 Dba:0x0100076a
-------------------------------------------------------
68074001 6b074001 68074001 482f4001 l h.@.k.@.h.@.H/@.
502f4001 512f4001 502f4001 582f4001 l P/@.Q/@.P/@.X/@.
602f4001 612f4001 602f4001 682f4001 l `/@.a/@.`/@.h/@.
702f4001 712f4001 702f4001 782f4001 l p/@.q/@.p/@.x/@.
802e4001 812e4001 802e4001 882e4001 l ..@...@...@...@.
902e4001 912e4001 902e4001 982e4001 l ..@...@...@...@.
a02e4001 a12e4001 a02e4001 a82e4001 l ..@...@...@...@.
b02e4001 b12e4001 b02e4001 b82e4001 l ..@...@...@...@.
803f4001 823f4001 00404001 02404001 l .?@..?@..@@..@@.
80404001 82404001 80414001 82414001 l .@@..@@..A@..A@.
00584001 02584001 80584001 82584001 l .X@..X@..X@..X@.
00594001 02594001 80594001 82594001 l .Y@..Y@..Y@..Y@.
005a4001 025a4001 805a4001 825a4001 l .Z@..Z@..Z@..Z@.
005b4001 025b4001 805b4001 825b4001 l .[@..[@..[@..[@.
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 l ............
<16 bytes per line>复制

恢复成功
上面的恢复方式只适用于truncate的数据没有被覆盖,也就是没有其他对象占用了truncate所释放的空间。所以在操作时需要查询dba_extents对比redo dump出来的extent map,如果没有覆盖的情况,则上述方法可行。那么被覆盖的情况该如何处理呢?

建立测试环境
在这里就可以清楚的发现表truncate_table_2的数据被表aaa覆盖了一部分。

将占用truncate释放的空间的对象move到其他表空间
SYS@:>select extent_id,file_id,block_id,blocks from dba_extents where segment_name='AAA';
EXTENT_ID FILE_ID BLOCK_ID BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
0 4 144 8
1 4 152 8
SYS@:>alter table rescureora.aaa move tablespace users;
Table altered.复制

恢复段头块以及数据字典信息
SYS@RESCUREORA(rescureora):1>select count(*) from rescureora.truncate_table_2;
select count(*) from rescureora.truncate_table_2
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-08103: object no longer exists复制
剩下的便是解决8103的问题了,实际上出现8103错误就是被覆盖的数据块的dataobj#和truncate_table_2的dataobj#不一致导致的。
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01000090 (file 4, block 144)
Fractured block found during multiblock buffer read
Data in bad block:
type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01000090
last change scn: 0x0000.003f9e3d seq: 0x3 flg: 0x04
spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
consistency value in tail: 0x9e3d2003
check value in block header: 0x5bde
computed block checksum: 0x0
Reading datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rescureora/RESCUREORA/datafile/o1_mf_test_fg6gjt1d_.dbf' for corruption at rdba: 0x01000090 (file 4, block 144)
Reread (file 4, block 144) found same corrupt data (no logical check)
*** SESSION ID:(178.85) 2018-04-28 00:24:12.968
OBJD MISMATCH typ=33, seg.obj=16958, diskobj=16960, dsflg=100001, dsobj=16958, tid=16958, cls=1复制

确认具体哪些块被覆盖
extent 信息
SYS@:>select extent_id,file_id,block_id,blocks from dba_extents where segment_name='AAA';
EXTENT_ID FILE_ID BLOCK_ID BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
0 4 144 8
1 4 152 8
可以确定4号文件144号块开始被覆盖,但是不一定ext#为1的最后一个块也被覆盖了,因为LHWM和HHWM之间的块不一定被覆盖
HWM信息
Highwater:: 0x0100009a ext#: 1 blk#: 2 ext size: 8 --file 4 block 154复制

解决ORA-8103
注:本文示例为恢复非分区非lob表,分区表和含lob表在原理上可以恢复,但过程较为繁琐。下期我们将推出更为简便的工具篇,敬请期待!


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