Manually Creating an Oracle Database on redhat&11g

官方文档：http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14231/create.htm#i1008760


step1：环境变量.basp_profile
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/product/database
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=orasql
export PATH
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
orasql

step2：密码文件
[oracle@localhost ~]$ mkdir /oracle/product/11.2.0.1
[oracle@localhost ~]$ orapwd file=/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/orasqlpwd.ora password=oracle

step3:创建相关文件夹和初始化参数文件
oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/orasql/adump
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/orasql/bdump
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/orasql/cdump
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/orasql/udump
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p oradata/orasql/datafile
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p oradata/orasql/logfile
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p oradata/orasql/controlfile
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ mkdir -p flash_recovery_area

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cat /oracle/product/database/dbs/init.ora | grep -v ^#|grep -v ^$ > /oracle/product/11.2.0.1/initorasql.ora

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ vim /oracle/product/11.2.0.1/initorasql.ora
oracle@localhost oracle]$ cat /oracle/product/11.2.0.1/initorasql.ora
db_name='orasql'
memory_target=128m
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/oracle/admin/orasql/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/oracle'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
control_files = (/oracle/oradata/orasql/controlfile/ora_control1,/oracle/oradata/orasql/controlfile/ora_control2,/oracle/oradata/orasql/controlfile/control3)
compatible ='11.2.0'

step4：连接数据库
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Mar 25 14:53:51 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> conn sys/oracle as sysdba

step5:创建spfile
SQL> create spfile='/oracle/product/database/dbs/spfileorasql.ora' from pfile='/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/initorasql.ora';

File created.

step6 打开数据库到mount
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 133906432 bytes
Fixed Size 1335024 bytes
Variable Size 125829392 bytes
Database Buffers 4194304 bytes
Redo Buffers 2547712 bytes


step7 create database
[oracle@localhost controlfile]$ vim /oracle/createdb.script CREATE DATABASE orasql
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/oracle/oradata/orasql/logfile/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/oracle/oradata/orasql/logfile/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ('/oracle/oradata/orasql/logfile/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 1
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/orasql/datafile/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/orasql/datafile/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/oracle/oradata/orasql/datafile/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/orasql/datafile/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
~

[oracle@localhost controlfile]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Mar 25 16:03:49 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 133906432 bytes
Fixed Size 1335024 bytes
Variable Size 125829392 bytes
Database Buffers 4194304 bytes
Redo Buffers 2547712 bytes
SQL> @/oracle/createdb.script

Database created.

step8 create tablespace
SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------------- ------------
orasql OPEN

SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE users LOGGING datafile '/oracle/oradata/orasql/datafile/user01.dbf' size 100m REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;

Tablespace created.


step9 运行脚本
@/u01/oracle/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@/u01/oracle/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql