牛刀小试之Oracle 23C安装

原创 bicewow All China Database Union 2023-08-22

607

概述

2023 年 4 月 3 日，Oracle Database 23c Free—Developer Release 正式推出，供开发测试。

Oracle Database Free 资源限制

Oracle Database Free 使用限制：

2 个用于前台进程的 CPU

2 GB RAM（SGA 和 PGA 组合）

磁盘上 12 GB 的用户数据（与压缩系数无关）

只能开一个实例

实施过程

下载安装包

下载地址：https://www.oracle.com/database/free/download/

[root@localhost soft]# pwd
/soft
[root@localhost soft]# ll
总用量 1717588
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1758776440 8月  17 09:51 oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      30688 8月  17 10:04 oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64.rpm

更新yum源


[root@localhost soft]# dnf -y localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64.rpm 
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                                                                                                                                        92  B/s |  38  B     00:00    
错误：为仓库 'appstream' 下载元数据失败 : Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist

sed -i -e "s|mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*

sed -i -e "s|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://vault.centos.org|g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*

注：出现这个错误提示是因为在2022年1月31日，CentOS 团队从官方镜像中移除 CentOS 8 的所有包。CentOS 8 于2021年12月31日停止官方服务了，但软件包仍在官方镜像上保留了一段时间。现在他们被转移到 https://vault.centos.org。如果仍然需要运行 CentOS 8，你可以在 /etc/yum.repos.d 中更新一下源。使用 vault.centos.org 代替 mirror.centos.org 即可

安装oracle-database-preinstall

[root@db23c soft]# dnf -y localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64.rpm


# 执行日志
[root@db23c results]# pwd
/var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-23c/results
[root@db23c results]# 
[root@db23c results]# 
[root@db23c results]# ll
总用量 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   22 8月  17 13:24 network
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3796 8月  17 13:24 orakernel.log
[root@db23c results]# tail -10f orakernel.log 
Successfully added parameter NOZEROCONF to /etc/sysconfig/network
Setting /etc/sysconfig/network parameters passed 

Disabling Transparent Hugepages. 
Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1

Disabling defrag. 
Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1

Taking a backup of old config files under /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-23c/backup/Aug-17-2023-13-24-13

注：执行上面rpm实现自动oracle用户创建，一些资源设置等操作。

可以利用rpm2cpio 解压rpm看到里面具体的脚本,了解执行此rpm的具体操作。

[root@localhost tmp]# ll
总用量 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30688 8月  17 13:29 oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost tmp]# cd usr/share/licenses/^C
[root@localhost tmp]# pwd
/soft/tmp
[root@localhost tmp]# rpm2cpio oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64.rpm | cpio -div
./etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-database-preinstall-23c-firstboot
./etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-23c
./etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-23c/oracle-database-preinstall-23c-verify
./etc/sysconfig/oracle-database-preinstall-23c/oracle-database-preinstall-23c.param
./usr/bin/oracle-database-preinstall-23c-verify     <==============
./usr/share/licenses/oracle-database-preinstall-23c
./usr/share/licenses/oracle-database-preinstall-23c/LICENSE
./var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-23c
./var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-23c/results
159 块

安装oracle-database-free

[root@db23c soft]# dnf -y localinstall oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
上次元数据过期检查：0:41:42 前，执行于 2023年08月17日 星期四 13时24分23秒。
依赖关系解决。
=================================================================================================================================================================================================
 软件包                                                    架构                                    版本                                      仓库                                           大小
=================================================================================================================================================================================================
安装:
 oracle-database-free-23c                                  x86_64                                  1.0-1                                     @commandline                                  1.6 G

事务概要
=================================================================================================================================================================================================
安装  1 软件包

总计：1.6 G
安装大小：5.2 G
下载软件包：
运行事务检查
事务检查成功。
运行事务测试
事务测试成功。
运行事务
  准备中  :                                                                                                                                                                                  1/1 
  运行脚本: oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                                                            1/1 
  安装    : oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                                                            1/1 
  运行脚本: oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                                                            1/1 
[INFO] Executing post installation scripts...
[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.
To configure Oracle Database Free, optionally modify the parameters in '/etc/sysconfig/oracle-free-23c.conf' and then run '/etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c configure' as root.

  验证    : oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                                                            1/1 

已安装:
  oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                                                                          

完毕！

配置数据库

[root@db23c oracle]# /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c configure
Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:
Confirm the password:
Configuring Oracle Listener.
Listener configuration succeeded.
Configuring Oracle Database FREE.
输入 SYS 用户口令: 
************
输入 SYSTEM 用户口令: 
********* 
输入 PDBADMIN 用户口令: 
*********
准备执行数据库操作
已完成 7%
复制数据库文件
已完成 29%
正在创建并启动 Oracle 实例
已完成 30%
已完成 33%
已完成 36%
已完成 39%
已完成 43%
正在进行数据库创建
已完成 47%
已完成 49%
已完成 50%
正在创建插接式数据库
已完成 54%
已完成 71%
执行配置后操作
已完成 93%
正在运行定制脚本
已完成 100%
数据库创建完成。有关详细信息, 请查看以下位置的日志文件:
 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE。
数据库信息:
全局数据库名:FREE
系统标识符 (SID):FREE
有关详细信息, 请参阅日志文件 "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE/FREE.log"。

Connect to Oracle Database using one of the connect strings:
     Pluggable database: db23c/FREEPDB1
     Multitenant container database: db23c

目录	用途
/opt/oracle	Oracle base目录，产品根目录
/opt/oracle/product/23c/dbhomeFree	oracle 数据库安装目录
/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE	FREE实例的数据目录
/opt/oracle/diag	诊断日志目录
/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE	FREE实例的初始化目录
/etc/sysconfig/oracle-free-23c.conf	实例默认配置文件
/etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c	服务脚本

连接测试

[oracle@db23c ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=FREE 
[oracle@db23c ~]$ export ORAENV_ASK=NO 
[oracle@db23c ~]$ . /opt/oracle/product/23c/dbhomeFree/bin/oraenv
[oracle@db23c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release on Thu Aug 17 14:46:44 2023
Version 23.2.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2023, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


???: 
Oracle Database 23c Free, Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release
Version 23.2.0.0.0

SQL> select userenv('language');

USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8

# 出现乱码，设置NLS_LANG

[oracle@db23c ~]$ export NLS_LANG='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8'

[oracle@db23c ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release on 星期四 8月 17 14:48:11 2023
Version 23.2.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2023, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

连接到: 
Oracle Database 23c Free, Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release
Version 23.2.0.0.0

SQL>

可以设置环境变量，后续就无需执行oraenv

[oracle@db23c ~]$ vi .bash_profile 

export ORACLE_SID=FREE
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/23c/dbhomeFree
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/opt/oracle/product/23c/dbhomeFree/lib
export NLS_LANG='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8'
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=
umask 022

设置SQL提示符

[oracle@db23c admin]$ pwd
/opt/oracle/product/23c/dbhomeFree/sqlplus/admin
[oracle@db23c admin]$ cat glogin.sql 
--
-- Copyright (c) 1988, 2005, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
--
-- NAME
--   glogin.sql
--
-- DESCRIPTION
--   SQL*Plus global login "site profile" file
--
--   Add any SQL*Plus commands here that are to be executed when a
--   user starts SQL*Plus, or uses the SQL*Plus CONNECT command.
--
-- USAGE
--   This script is automatically run
--

set feedback on
set termout off
define prpt=idle
column display_prompt new_value prpt
select lower(user)||'@'||global_name display_prompt from global_name;
set sqlprompt '&prpt>'
set termout on

创建测试pdb

SQL> create pluggable database zspdb ADMIN USER zs IDENTIFIED BY 123456 FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/pdbseed','/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/zspdb');

插接式数据库已创建。

SQL> show pdbs

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 FREEPDB1                       READ WRITE NO
         4 ZSPDB                          MOUNTED

SQL> alter pluggable database all open;

数据库管理

使用 SQL*Plus 启动关闭

$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

SQL> STARTUP
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN;

使用配置服务脚本启动关闭

[root@db23c ~]# /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c
Usage: /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c {start|stop|restart|configure|delete|status}

# stop 命令会同时关闭监听和数据库
[root@db23c ~]# /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c stop
Shutting down Oracle Database instance FREE.
Oracle Database instance FREE shut down.
Stopping Oracle Net Listener.
Oracle Net Listener stopped.

# start 命令会同时开启监听和数据库
[root@db23c ~]# /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c start
Starting Oracle Net Listener.
Oracle Net Listener started.
Starting Oracle Database instance FREE.
Oracle Database instance FREE started.

[root@db23c ~]# /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c status
Status of the Oracle FREE 23c service:

LISTENER status: RUNNING
FREE Database status:   RUNNING

使用系统自启动

[root@db23c ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@db23c ~]# systemctl enable oracle-free-23c
oracle-free-23c.service is not a native service, redirecting to systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable oracle-free-23c

[root@db23c ~]# systemctl start oracle-free-23c
[root@db23c ~]# systemctl status oracle-free-23c
● oracle-free-23c.service - SYSV: This script is responsible for taking care of configuring the RPM Oracle FREE Database and its associated services.
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-free-23c; generated)
   Active: active (exited) since Thu 2023-08-17 15:07:09 CST; 8s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 45994 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-free-23c start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

8月 17 15:06:45 db23c systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: This script is responsible for taking care of configuring the RPM Oracle FREE Database and its associated services....
8月 17 15:06:45 db23c oracle-free-23c[45994]: Starting Oracle Net Listener.
8月 17 15:06:45 db23c su[46001]: (to oracle) root on none
8月 17 15:06:45 db23c su[46001]: pam_unix(su:session): session opened for user oracle by (uid=0)
8月 17 15:06:55 db23c oracle-free-23c[45994]: Oracle Net Listener started.
8月 17 15:06:55 db23c oracle-free-23c[45994]: Starting Oracle Database instance FREE.
8月 17 15:06:55 db23c su[46055]: (to oracle) root on none
8月 17 15:06:55 db23c su[46055]: pam_unix(su:session): session opened for user oracle by (uid=0)
8月 17 15:07:09 db23c oracle-free-23c[45994]: Oracle Database instance FREE started.
8月 17 15:07:09 db23c systemd[1]: Started SYSV: This script is responsible for taking care of configuring the RPM Oracle FREE Database and its associated services..
[root@db23c ~]# systemctl stop oracle-free-23c
[root@db23c ~]# systemctl status oracle-free-23c
● oracle-free-23c.service - SYSV: This script is responsible for taking care of configuring the RPM Oracle FREE Database and its associated services.
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-free-23c; generated)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2023-08-17 15:07:45 CST; 11s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 46500 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-free-23c stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 45994 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-free-23c start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

8月 17 15:07:29 db23c oracle-free-23c[46500]: Shutting down Oracle Database instance FREE.
8月 17 15:07:29 db23c su[46507]: (to oracle) root on none
8月 17 15:07:29 db23c su[46507]: pam_unix(su:session): session opened for user oracle by (uid=0)
8月 17 15:07:40 db23c oracle-free-23c[46500]: Oracle Database instance FREE shut down.
8月 17 15:07:40 db23c oracle-free-23c[46500]: Stopping Oracle Net Listener.
8月 17 15:07:40 db23c su[46517]: (to oracle) root on none
8月 17 15:07:40 db23c su[46517]: pam_unix(su:session): session opened for user oracle by (uid=0)
8月 17 15:07:45 db23c oracle-free-23c[46500]: Oracle Net Listener stopped.
8月 17 15:07:45 db23c systemd[1]: oracle-free-23c.service: Succeeded.
8月 17 15:07:45 db23c systemd[1]: Stopped SYSV: This script is responsible for taking care of configuring the RPM Oracle FREE Database and its associated services..

[root@db23c systemd]# cat /run/systemd/generator.late/oracle-free-23c.service
# Automatically generated by systemd-sysv-generator

[Unit]
Documentation=man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
SourcePath=/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-free-23c
Description=SYSV: This script is responsible for taking care of configuring the RPM Oracle FREE Database and its associated services.
Before=multi-user.target
Before=multi-user.target
Before=multi-user.target
Before=graphical.target
Before=oracle-database-preinstall-23c-firstboot.service

[Service]
Type=forking
Restart=no
TimeoutSec=5min
IgnoreSIGPIPE=no
KillMode=process
GuessMainPID=no
RemainAfterExit=yes
ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-free-23c start  <===========
ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-free-23c stop  <===========

[root@db23c systemd]# cat /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle-free-23c|wc -l
697
[root@db23c systemd]# cat /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c |wc -l
697

注：systemctl管理的oracle-free-23c服务，实际上调用的依然是最初的/etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c脚本管理的数据库。

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