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首页 / 使用 python 替代 docker compose 编排容器

使用 python 替代 docker compose 编排容器

netkiller 2021-10-08
588

使用 python 替代 docker compose 编排容器



docker compose 是 docker 的容器编排工具，它是基于 YAML 配置，YAML 是一种配置文件格式，支持传递环境变量，但是对于复杂的容器编排显得力不从心。

于是我便开发这个程序，可以像写程序一样编排 docker ，可以充分发挥程序猿的想象力。

快速入门，首先我们参照这个 docker-compose.yaml 脚本，转换成 python 脚本。

	
version: '3.9'	
services:
  nginx:
    container_name: nginx
    environment:
    - TZ=Asia/Shanghai
    extra_hosts:
    - db.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1
    - cache.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1
    - api.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1
    hostname: www.netkiller.cn
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
    - 80:80
    - 443:443
    restart: always
    volumes:
    - /tmp:/tmp

转换成 python 语言之后

	
from netkiller.docker import *

service =  Services('nginx')
service.image('nginx:latest')
service.container_name('nginx')
service.restart('always')
service.hostname('www.netkiller.cn')
service.extra_hosts(['db.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1','cache.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1','api.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1'])
service.environment(['TZ=Asia/Shanghai'])
service.ports(['80:80','443:443'])
service.volumes(['/tmp:/tmp'])
# service.debug()
# print(service.dump())

compose = Composes('development')
compose.version('3.9')
compose.services(service)
# print (compose.debug())
print(compose.dump())
compose.save()

怎么样，只是换了另一种写法，并没有难度。下面我们就系统学习，如何使用 python 编排 docker 容器

实际上程序最终还是会转化做 docker-compose 脚本执行。这种写法的有点是更灵活，你可以在程序中使用 if, while, 链接数据库，等等操作，可以做更复杂的容器编排。

安装依赖库

		
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % pip install netkiller-devops

确认是否安装成功

		
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % pip show netkiller-devops
Name: netkiller-devops
Version: 0.2.4
Summary: DevOps of useful deployment and automation
Home-page: https://github.com/oscm/devops
Author: Neo Chen
Author-email: netkiller@msn.com
License: BSD
Location: /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages
Requires: pyttsx3, requests, redis, pyyaml
Required-by:

创建一个 Services 

		
from netkiller.docker import *

service =  Services('nginx')
service.image('nginx:latest')
service.container_name('nginx')
service.restart('always')
service.hostname('www.netkiller.cn')
service.extra_hosts(['db.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1','cache.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1','api.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1'])
service.environment(['TZ=Asia/Shanghai'])
service.ports(['80:80','443:443'])
service.volumes(['/tmp:/tmp'])
# service.debug()
print(service.dump())

运行结果

		
nginx:
  container_name: nginx
  environment:
  - TZ=Asia/Shanghai
  extra_hosts:
  - db.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1
  - cache.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1
  - api.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1
  hostname: www.netkiller.cn
  image: nginx:latest
  ports:
  - 80:80
  - 443:443
  restart: always
  volumes:
  - /tmp:/tmp

来一个复杂的演示

		
for i in range(10) :
    cluster =  Services('nginx-'+str(i))
    cluster.image('nginx:latest').container_name('nginx-'+str(i)).restart('always').hostname('www'+str(i)+'.netkiller.cn')
    cluster.ports(['8{port}:80'.format(port=i)])
    print(cluster.dump())

运行结果

		
nginx-0:
  container_name: nginx-0
  hostname: www0.netkiller.cn
  image: nginx:latest
  ports:
  - 80:80
  restart: always

nginx-1:
  container_name: nginx-1
  hostname: www1.netkiller.cn
  image: nginx:latest
  ports:
  - 81:80
  restart: always

nginx-2:
  container_name: nginx-2
  hostname: www2.netkiller.cn
  image: nginx:latest
  ports:
  - 82:80
  restart: always

nginx-3:
  container_name: nginx-3
  hostname: www3.netkiller.cn
  image: nginx:latest
  ports:
  - 83:80
  restart: always

nginx-4:
  container_name: nginx-4
  hostname: www4.netkiller.cn
  image: nginx:latest
  ports:
  - 84:80
  restart: always

nginx-5:
  container_name: nginx-5
  hostname: www5.netkiller.cn
  image: nginx:latest
  ports:
  - 85:80
  restart: always

nginx-6:
  container_name: nginx-6
  hostname: www6.netkiller.cn
  image: nginx:latest
  ports:
  - 86:80
  restart: always

nginx-7:
  container_name: nginx-7
  hostname: www7.netkiller.cn
  image: nginx:latest
  ports:
  - 87:80
  restart: always

nginx-8:
  container_name: nginx-8
  hostname: www8.netkiller.cn
  image: nginx:latest
  ports:
  - 88:80
  restart: always

nginx-9:
  container_name: nginx-9
  hostname: www9.netkiller.cn
  image: nginx:latest
  ports:
  - 89:80
  restart: always

创建 Composes

Services 对象创建服务，让服务工作还需要 Composes 对象。

		
from netkiller.docker import *

service =  Services('nginx')
service.image('nginx:latest')
service.container_name('nginx')
service.restart('always')
service.hostname('www.netkiller.cn')
service.extra_hosts(['db.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1','cache.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1','api.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1'])
service.environment(['TZ=Asia/Shanghai'])
service.ports(['80:80','443:443'])
service.volumes(['/tmp:/tmp'])

compose = Composes('development')
compose.version('3.9')
compose.services(service)
# print (compose.debug())
print(compose.dump())
compose.save()
# compose.save('/tmp/docker-compose.yaml')

运行结果

		
services:
  nginx:
    container_name: nginx
    environment:
    - TZ=Asia/Shanghai
    extra_hosts:
    - db.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1
    - cache.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1
    - api.netkiller.cn:127.0.0.1
    hostname: www.netkiller.cn
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
    - 80:80
    - 443:443
    restart: always
    volumes:
    - /tmp:/tmp
version: '3.9'

这已经是一个完善的 docker-compose 脚本了。使用 save 可以保存为 yaml 文件，这是使用 docker-compose -f development.yaml up 就可以启动容器了。

Composes 对象同时也携带了完善的 docker-compose 命令和参数，用于自我管理容器。

compose.up() 创建容器

		
compose = Composes('development')
compose.version('3.9')
compose.services(service)
compose.up()

compose.start() 启动已存在的容器

		
compose = Composes('development')
compose.version('3.9')
compose.services(service)
compose.start()

compose.stop() 停止已存在的容器

		
compose = Composes('development')
compose.version('3.9')
compose.services(service)
compose.stop()

compose.restart() 重启已存在的容器

		
compose = Composes('development')
compose.version('3.9')
compose.services(service)
compose.restart()

compose.rm() 销毁已存在的容器

		
compose = Composes('development')
compose.version('3.9')
compose.services(service)
compose.rm()

compose.logs() 查看容器日志

		
compose = Composes('development')
compose.version('3.9')
compose.services(service)
compose.logs()

compose.ps() 查看容器运行状态

		
compose = Composes('development')
compose.version('3.9')
compose.services(service)
compose.ps()

容器管理

Docker 对象是让我们摆脱 docker-compose 这个命令，它将接管 docker-compose 这个命令，进行自我管理。

		
#!/usr/bin/python3
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
##############################################
# Home	: http://netkiller.github.io
# Author: Neo <netkiller@msn.com>
# Upgrade: 2021-09-05
##############################################
try:
	import os,  sys
	module = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
	sys.path.insert(0,module)
	from netkiller.docker import *
except ImportError as err:
	print("%s" %(err))

nginx =  Services('nginx')
nginx.image('nginx:latest')
nginx.container_name('nginx')
nginx.restart('always')
nginx.hostname('www.netkiller.cn')
nginx.environment(['TA=Asia/Shanghai'])
nginx.ports(['80:80'])

compose = Composes('development')
compose.version('3.9')
compose.services(nginx)
compose.workdir('/tmp/compose')

if __name__ == '__main__':
	try:
		docker = Docker()
		docker.environment(compose)
		docker.main()
	except KeyboardInterrupt:
		print ("Crtl+C Pressed. Shutting down.")

运行结果

		
neo@MacBook-Pro-Neo ~ % python3 docker.py
Usage: docker.py [options] up|rm|start|stop|restart|logs|top|images|exec <service>

Options:
  -h, --help         show this help message and exit
  --debug            debug mode
  -d, --daemon       run as daemon
  --logfile=LOGFILE  logs file.
  -l, --list         following logging
  -f, --follow       following logging
  -c, --compose      show docker compose
  -e, --export       export docker compose

Homepage: http://www.netkiller.cn       Author: Neo <netkiller@msn.com>

Docker 对象提供了与 docker-compose 对等的参数，用法也基本相通。例如

		
python3 docker.py up = docker-compose up
python3 docker.py up -d nginx = docker-compose up -d nginx
python3 docker.py restart nginx = docker-compose restart nginx

python3 docker.py ps = docker-compose ps
python3 docker.py logs nginx = docker-compose logs nginx

使用 -c 可以查看 compose yaml 脚本，使用 -e 可以导出 docker compose yaml



pythondocker
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