DM日常运维高频命令总结

一、基础命令

查询数据库版本

SQL>SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;

查看当前有多少用户

SQL> SELECT USERNAME FROM DBA_USERS;

查看当前有多少表空间

SELECT * FROM DBA_TABLESPACES;

查看各表空间的数据量

set pagesize 500
set linesize 500
SELECT 
    TABLESPACE_NAME AS 表空间名,
    ROUND(SUM(TOTAL_SIZE) / 1024.0 / 1024.0, 2) AS "总大小(MB)",
    ROUND(SUM(USED_SIZE)/ 1024.0 / 1024.0, 2) AS "已使用大小(MB)",
    CAST(ROUND(SUM(USED_SIZE) * 1.0 / SUM(TOTAL_SIZE) * 100,2) AS VARCHAR) || '%' AS 使用率
FROM
(
    SELECT 
        UPPER(T1.TABLESPACE_NAME) AS TABLESPACE_NAME,
        T1.BYTES AS TOTAL_SIZE,
        T1.BYTES - T2.BYTES AS USED_SIZE
    FROM
        DBA_DATA_FILES T1,
        DBA_FREE_SPACE T2
    WHERE
        T1.TABLESPACE_NAME = T2.TABLESPACE_NAME
        AND T1.FILE_ID = T2.FILE_ID
)
GROUP BY
    TABLESPACE_NAME;
--------------------查看表空间同数据文件对应关系
SELECT 
    TS.NAME AS 表空间名,
    DF.PATH AS 数据文件 
FROM 
    V$TABLESPACE AS TS,
    V$DATAFILE AS DF
WHERE 
    TS.ID = DF.GROUP_ID
ORDER BY 
    1;

查看所有用户、创建时间、默认表空间、等基本信息

SELECT 
    USERNAME AS 用户名,
    DEFAULT_TABLESPACE AS 默认数据表空间,
    DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE AS 默认索引表空间,
    TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE AS 临时表空间,
    DECODE(ACCOUNT_STATUS,'OPEN','正常','LOCKED','锁定','未知') AS 用户状态,
    CREATED AS 创建时间
FROM
    DBA_USERS;
--------------------查看用户数据库限制
SELECT 
    T1.USERNAME AS 用户名,
    DECODE(T2.AUTHENT_TYPE,1,'数据库密码认证',2,'操作系统认证',3,'远程认证','未知认证方式') AS 用户认证方式,
    T2.SESS_PER_USER AS 用户最大会话数,
    T2.CONN_IDLE_TIME AS "用户空闲期（分钟1-1440）",
    T2.FAILED_NUM AS 用户登录失败次数限制,
    T2.LIFE_TIME AS "口令有效期（天0-365）",
    T2.REUSE_TIME AS "口令等待期（天0-365）",
    T2.REUSE_MAX AS 口令变更次数,
    T2.LOCK_TIME AS "用户锁定时间（分1-1440）",
    T2.GRACE_TIME AS "口令宽限期1-30",
    T2.PASSWORD AS 密码策略,
    T2.RN_FLAG AS 只读,
    T2.ALLOW_ADDR AS 允许访问的IP,
    T2.NOT_ALLOW_ADDR AS 不允许访问的IP,
    T2.ALLOW_DT AS 允许访问的时间,
    T2.NOT_ALLOW_DT AS 不允许访问的时间,
    T2.LAST_LOGIN_DTID AS 上次登录时间,
    T2.LAST_LOGIN_IP AS 上次登录IP,
    T2.FAILED_ATTEMPS AS 自上一次登录成功以来失败次数
FROM 
    DBA_USERS T1,
    SYSUSERS T2 
WHERE 
     T1.USER_ID = T2.ID;
--------------------查看用户对象统计信息
SELECT  
    S2.NAME AS 模式名, 
    S1.TYPE$ AS 主类型, 
    S1.SUBTYPE$ AS 子类型, 
    COUNT(*) AS 对象数量
FROM 
    SYSOBJECTS S1, 
    SYSOBJECTS S2 
WHERE 
    S1.SCHID = S2.ID 
    AND S2.TYPE$ = 'SCH' 
GROUP BY
    S2.NAME, 
    S1.TYPE$, 
    S1.SUBTYPE$ 
ORDER BY 
    S2.NAME, 
    S1.TYPE$, 
    S1.SUBTYPE$;
--------------------查看用户占用空间大小
SELECT 
    USERNAME AS 用户名,
    USER_USED_SPACE(USERNAME) * PAGE / 1024.0 / 1024.0 AS "用户占用空间(MB)"
FROM 
    DBA_USERS 
ORDER BY 
    2 DESC;

统计所有用户表行数

SELECT
    T2.NAME AS 模式名,
    T1.NAME AS 表名,
    TABLE_ROWCOUNT(T2.NAME,T1.NAME) AS 行数
FROM
    SYSOBJECTS T1,
    SYSOBJECTS T2
WHERE
    T1.SCHID = T2.ID
    AND T1.SUBTYPE$ = 'UTAB'
    AND T2."TYPE$" = 'SCH'
ORDER BY 3 DESC;
--------------------统计所有用户表行数以及筛查某行数级别以上表行数 输入参数1：百万，千万，亿...等等，也可以共存，复制一行
SELECT 
    模式名,
    COUNT(表名) AS 表数量,
    COUNT(CASE WHEN 行数 > ? THEN 行数 ELSE NULL END) AS 百万表数量
FROM
(
    SELECT
        T2.NAME AS 模式名,
        T1.NAME AS 表名,
        TABLE_ROWCOUNT(T2.NAME,T1.NAME) AS 行数
    FROM
        SYSOBJECTS T1,
        SYSOBJECTS T2
    WHERE
        T1.SCHID = T2.ID
        AND T1.SUBTYPE$ = 'UTAB'
        AND T2."TYPE$" = 'SCH'
    --ORDER BY 3 DESC
)
GROUP BY 模式名
--------------------获取所有用户表定义
SELECT
    T2.NAME AS 模式名, 
    T1.NAME AS 表名,
    T1.CRTDATE AS 创建时间,
    DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR(DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE',T1.NAME,T2.NAME)) AS 表定义
FROM 
    SYSOBJECTS T1, 
    SYSOBJECTS T2
WHERE 
    T1."SUBTYPE$" = 'UTAB' 
      AND T1.SCHID = T2.ID 
      AND T2."TYPE$" = 'SCH';
--------------------统计用户表列信息
SELECT
    S1.NAME AS 表名,
    S2.NAME AS 列名,
    S2."TYPE$" AS 字段类型,
    S2."LENGTH$" AS 字段长度
FROM
    SYSOBJECTS S1,
    SYSCOLUMNS S2
WHERE
    S1."SUBTYPE$" = 'UTAB'
    AND S1.ID = S2.ID;
--------------------查看表占用空间大小
SELECT
    S2.NAME AS 模式名,
    S1.NAME AS 表名,
    TABLE_USED_SPACE(S2.NAME,S1.NAME) * PAGE /1024.0/1024.0 AS "表占用空间(MB)"
FROM
    SYSOBJECTS S1,
    SYSOBJECTS S2
WHERE
    S1.SCHID = S2.ID
    AND S1."SUBTYPE$" = 'UTAB'
    AND S2."TYPE$" = 'SCH'
ORDER BY
    3 DESC;

查询当前会话数和数量

SQL>SELECT * FROM V$SESSIONS;

SQL>SELECT  COUNT(*)  FROM V$SESSIONS;

查询当前的事务数

SQL>SELECT COUNT(*) FROM V$TRX;

查询等待事件

SQL>SELECT * FROM V$TRXWAIT;

查询内存池

SQL>SELECT  *FROM V$MEM_POOL;

查看实例的运行状态

SQL>SELECT * FROM V$INSTANCE;

守护集群启动/停止命令

[dmdba@~]$ /home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/DmWatcherServiceWatcher start#A/B机器

[dmdba@~]$ /home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/DmWatcherServiceWatcher stop#A/B机器

[dmdba@~]$/home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/DmMonitorServiceMonitor start #监控机器

实例启动/停止命令

[dmdba@~]$ /home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/DmServiceGRP1_RT_01 start#A/B机器

[dmdba@~]$ /home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/DmServiceGRP1_RT_01 stop#A/B机器

查看进程是否存在

ps -ef | grep dmwatcher

ps -ef | grep dmserver

ps -ef | grep dmmonitor

归档日志的连续性检查：

SELECT SF_REMOTE_ARCHIVE_CHECK('GRP1_RT_02'); #GRP1_RT_02代表实例名

查看主备库的状态：

SELECT CASE WHEN "STATUS$" = '1' THEN 'Startup' WHEN "STATUS$" = '2' THEN 'After Redo' WHEN "STATUS$" = '3' THEN 'MOUNT' WHEN "STATUS$" = '4' THEN 'OPEN' WHEN "STATUS$" = '5' THEN 'SUSPEND' END "库状态" , CASE        WHEN "ROLE$" = '0' THEN 'Normal'        WHEN "ROLE$" = '1' THEN 'Parmary'        WHEN "ROLE$" = '2' THEN 'Standby'    END "模式" FROM    v$database;

查看主备库的SCN是否一致：

select file_LSN, cur_LSN from v$rlog;

查看主备库的permanent值是否一致：

select permanent_magic;

查看所有的系统表

SELECT * FROM DBA_TABLES;

查看DDL：

select owner, table_name from dba_tables where owner = 'SYSDBA' and table_name like 'DMHS%' and status ='VALID';

查看归档是否开启：

select name,arch_mode from v$database;

查看归档文件

select * from sys.v$arch_file;

查看归档配置

select * from v$dm_arch_ini;

二、运维小技巧

添加disql环境变量

vi ~/.bash_profile
export PATH=$PATH:$DM_HOME/bin:$DM_HOME/tool
source ~/.bash_profile

DM重做主从

A机器:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;

SQL>SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(1, 'ALTER_MODE_STATUS', 1);

SQL> SP_SET_OGUID(45331);

SQL> ALTER DATABASE PRIMARY;

SQL>SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(1, 'ALTER_MODE_STATUS', 0);

B机器:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;

SQL>SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(1, 'ALTER_MODE_STATUS', 1);

SQL> SP_SET_OGUID(45331);

SQL> ALTER DATABASE STANDBY;

SQL>SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(1, 'ALTER_MODE_STATUS', 0);

A/B机器：

SQL> SP_SET_PARA_VALUE(1, 'ALTER_MODE_STATUS', 1);

SQL> alter database normal;#单机模式，主从不用执行

SQL> alter database open force;

A/B机器监控启动

/home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/dmwatcher /dmdata/data/DMTEST/dmwatcher.ini &

查看服务自启动

systemctl list-unit-files --type=service | grep enable |grep Dm

systemctl disable DmXXX.service #关闭服务自启动

查看DB当前正在适用的Redo log：

SQL>select cur_file from V$RLOG;

查看当前Redo log 信息：

SQL>select file_id,path,rlog_size/1024/1024 as "Size" from V$RLOGFILE;

删除归档日志：

可以通过系统函数SF_ARCHIVELOG_DELETE_BEFORE_TIME删除指定时间之前的归档文件，该函数返回删除的归档日志文件个数。如下命令为删除系统当前时间10天前的归档日志文件

selectsf_archivelog_delete_before_time(sysdate -10);

手动切换归档命令：

alter system switch logfile;

开启主备集群的逻辑日志参数：

修改开启在主、备RLOG_APPEND_LOGIC逻辑追加日志参数，0为关闭，1为开启，注意参数PARA_TYPE为SYS类型可动态修改；其它参数类型详见管理员手册。如下为参数查询及修改:

SQL> SELECT PARA_NAME,PARA_VALUE,DEFAULT_VALUE,SESS_VALUE,FILE_VALUE,PARA_TYPE FROM V$DM_INI WHERE PARA_NAME LIKE 'RLOG_APPEND_LOGIC';

SQL> call sp_set_para_value(1,'RLOG_APPEND_LOGIC',1);

SQL> SELECT PARA_NAME,PARA_VALUE,DEFAULT_VALUE,SESS_VALUE,FILE_VALUE,PARA_TYPE FROM V$DM_INI WHERE PARA_NAME LIKE 'RLOG_APPEND_LOGIC';

主备切换演练：

进入监控机器：

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./dmmonitor ./dmmonitor.ini
login
SYSDBA/SYSDBA
执行switchover GRP1_RT_02，进行主备切换
switchover GRP1_RT_02
切换状态正常后，可以进行回切。
switchover GRP1_RT_01

监视器使用命令如下：

备份与恢复

数据量小的可以使用dexp和dimp

1、dexp逻辑导出

数据库级

./dexp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=dbbak.dmp LOG=dbbak.log FULL=Y DIRECTORY=/backup/databak

用户级

./dexp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=db_users.dmp LOG=db_users.log 
OWNER=TEST1,TEST2,...,TESTN DIRECTORY=/backup/FULL_BAK

模式级

./dexp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=db_users.dmp LOG=db_users.log 
SCHEMAS=TEST1,TEST2,...,TESTN DIRECTORY=/backup/FULL_BAK

表级

./dexp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=db_users.dmp LOG=db_users.log 
TABLES=模式.表名,...,模式.表名 DIRECTORY=/backup/FULL_BAK

2、dimp逻辑导入

数据库级

./dimp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=/backup/FULL_BAK/db_bak.dmp LOG=db_recover.log FULL=Y DIRECTORY=/backup/IMP_BAKDIR

模式级

./dimp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=/backup/FULL_BAK/db_bak.dmp LOG=db_recover.log SCHEMAS=TEST1,...,TESTN DIRECTORY=/backup/IMP_BAKDIR
不同schema需要加个参数
./dimp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5236 FILE=/backup/FULL_BAK/db_bak.dmp LOG=db_recover.log REMAP_SCHEMA=MODE01:MODE02 DIRECTORY=/backup/IMP_BAKDIR

用户级

./dimp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=/backup/FULL_BAK/db_bak.dmp LOG=db_recover.log OWNER=TEST1,...,TESTN DIRECTORY=/backup/IMP_BAKDIR
不同用户需要加参数，与shcema一致。
./dimp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=/backup/FULL_BAK/db_bak.dmp LOG=db_recover.log FROMUSER=USER01 TOUSER=USER02  DIRECTORY=/backup/IMP_BAKDIR

表级

./dimp USERID=SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237 FILE=/backup/FULL_BAK/db_bak.dmp LOG=db_recover.log TABLES=模式.表名,...,模式.表名 DIRECTORY=/backup/IMP_BAKDIR

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