1. 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
systemctl status firewalld.service
2. 关闭selinux
vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
3. 安装依赖包
VNC图形界面服务（选装）：yum install tigervnc-server tigervnc vnc vnc-server -y
方法一：
yum install bc binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc+±33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel fontconfig-devel glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libXrender libXrender-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc+±devel libxcb make smartmontools sysstat kmod* gcc-c++ psmisc libnsl.x86_64
方法二：
yum -y install compat-libcap1 -y
yum -y install libstdc+±devel -y
yum -y install gcc-c++ -y
yum -y install ksh-20120801 -y
yum -y install glibc-devel-2.17 -y
yum -y install libaio-devel -y
yum -y install compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3 -y
yum -y install compat-libstdc++ -y
yum install -y readline readline-devel zlib zlib-devel
compat-libcap1可能需要手动安装，安装命令：
rpm -ivh http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
compat-libstdc+±33可能需要手动安装，安装命令：
rpm -ivh http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
rpm -ivh http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3-72.el7.i686.rpm --force --nodeps
第二个命令是安装32位包，如果检测通过可以不用安装。
4. 创建用户和目录
/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd oper
/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
mkdir -p /data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/db/u01/
chmod -R 775 /data/db/u01/
mkdir -p /data/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/
5. 修改内核参数
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmmax = 根据以下参数设置
内存为 2G 时。该值为 2*1024*1024*1024-1 = 2147483647
内存为 4G 时，该值为 4*1024*1024*1024-1 = 4294967296
内存为 12G 时，该值为 12*1024*1024*1024-1 = 12884901887
内存为 16G 时，该值为 16*1024*1024*1024-1 = 17179869183
内存为 32G 时，该值为 32*1024*1024*1024-1 = 34359738367
内存为 64G 时，该值为 64*1024*1024*1024-1 = 68719476735
内存为 128G 时，该值为 128*1024*1024*1024-1 = 137438953471
kernel.shmall = 根据以下参数设置
当内存位为2G时，kernerl.shmall = 524288
当内存位为4G时，kernerl.shmall = 1048576
当内存为 12G 时，kernel.shmall = 3145728
当内存为 16G 时，kernel.shmall = 4194304
当内次为 32G 时，kernel.shmall = 8388608
当内存为 64G 时，kernel.shmall = 16777216
当内存为 128G 时，kernel.shmall = 33554432
vm.max_map_count=262144
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 1048576
kernel.shmmax = 4294967296
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
执行命令生效：sysctl -p
6. 修改认证模块
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 131072
oracle hard nproc 131072
oracle soft nofile 131072
oracle hard nofile 131072
oracle soft core unlimited
oracle hard core unlimited
oracle soft memlock 50000000
oracle hard memlock 50000000
7. 修改用户登录认证
vim /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
8. 设置root用户环境变量
vim /etc/profile
export ORACLE_HOME=/data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
if [ $USER = “oracle” ]; then
if [ $SHELL = “/bin/ksh” ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
9. 设置oracle环境变量
vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# for oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/db/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LANG=“zh_CN.UTF-8”
# export NLS_LANG=“SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK”
export NLS_LANG=“SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8”
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss’
10. 配置主机名
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.***.*** 主机名
11. 安装包上传至ORACLE_HOME目录，并解压在该目录，修改文件所有者为oracle
unzip Linux.x64_193000_db_home.zip
12. 编辑响应文件
vim /data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/install/response/db_install.rsp
–no cdb------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/db/u01/app/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/data/db/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=true
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.configMethod=ROOT
–cdb-----------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/db/u01/app/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/data/db/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=true
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.configMethod=ROOT
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle-220
13. 开始安装
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/install/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
问题1：export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=RHEL7.6 以解决INS-08101在以下状态下执行操作时出现意外的错误 ‘supportedOSCheck’
问题2：Error in invoking target ‘libasmclntsh19.ohso libasmperl19.ohso client_sharedlib’ of makefile。
解决方法：从CentOS上或其他服务器上拷贝libpthread_nonshared.a到/usr/lib64目录中，然后重新解压一遍安装包并授权，再清除oraInventory目录下的所有文件，最后重新安装。
14. 使用netca创建监听
netca -silent -responseFile /data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/netca/netca.rsp
编辑sqlnet.ora添加
SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_SERVER=8
SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_CLIENT=8
编辑listener.ora添加
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/)
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/log/
15. 使用dbca建库
vim /data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp
–no cdb-------------------------------------------------
gdbName=orcl
sid=orcl
databaseConfigType=SI
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
sysPassword=oracle
systemPassword=oracle
datafileDestination=/data/db/u01/app/oracle/oradata/
totalMemory=8192
–cbd-----------------------------------------------------
responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v19.0.0
gdbName=orcl
sid=orcl
databaseConfigType=SI
createAsContainerDatabase=true
numberOfPDBs=1
pdbName=pdborcl1
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
sysPassword=oracle-220
systemPassword=oracle-220
emExpressPort=5500
totalMemory=8192
dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp
16. 修改用户密码限制
alter profile default limit PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME unlimited;
17. 自动启动
vim /etc/oratab/
修改：orcl:/data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1:Y
vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
添加：su oracle -lc “/data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start”
su oracle -lc /data/db/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/bin/dbstart
18. 修改最大连接数，最大会话数
alter system set processes=2000 scope=spfile;
alter system set sessions=2100 scope=spfile;
19. 关闭监听日志
lsnrctl set log_status off
lsnrctl save_config
20. 设置memory_target，启动自动内存管理
alter system set memory_max_target=8192M scope=spfile;
alter system set memory_target=8192M scope=spfile;
alter system set sga_target=0 scope=spfile;
alter system set pga_aggregate_target=0 scope=spfile;
21. 关闭审计
alter system set audit_sys_operations=false scope=spfile;
alter system set audit_trail=none scope=spfile;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
–可选安装方法-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. 需要前置安装包 oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el8.src.rpm，下载后需要自行编译生成 rpm 包
2. 安装rpm编译工具 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install rpm-build
3. 编译源码包 [root@localhost ~]# rpmbuild --rebuild --clean oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el8.src.rpm
编译完成后，在当前目录下生成rmpbuild文件夹，rpm包在 ./rmpbuild/RPMS/x86_64/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
4. 安装rpm包 [root@localhost x86_64]# yum localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
安装完成后会自动创建一个用户名是 oracle的dba账号，检查一下有没有安装成功，例如查看一下有没有oracle用户
安装依赖包：
yum install bc binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc+±33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel fontconfig-devel glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libXrender libXrender-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc+±devel libxcb make smartmontools sysstat kmod* gcc-c++ psmisc
