本文包括LINUX使用LVM管理分区、调整大小、vgcfgbackup 和 vgcfgrestore、vgmerge、vgexport和vgimport、改变lv的状态、查看lvm的所有命令等lvm知识。
LINUX使用LVM管理分区并调整大小
1.LVM原先用于IBM的AIX系统
是一种分配磁盘空间到逻辑分区的磁盘管理系统
她可以灵活的动态调整分区的大小
方便管理
从Fedoar Core 3和Redhat Enterprise Linux 4起
LVM成为了安装系统的默认值
选择自动分区，就自动使用LVM
当给服务器挂接新硬盘的时候
新硬盘以可以使用LVM挂接到服务器上
2.方法如本文所述
假设现在给服务器挂接了一块339.14GB的磁盘
并希望使用LVM对这个磁盘进行分区管理
本文中们创建两个分区，名字分别叫做data和data1
大小分别为300GB和39GB
然后使用LVM调整其大小
首先确认硬盘的设备名称
执行lvmdiskscan命令
例如得到如下结果
[root@ns /data]# lvmdiskscan
/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 [ 99.59 MB]
/dev/cciss/c2d0p1 [ 1.00 KB]
/dev/cciss/c0d0p2 [ 33.82 GB] LVM physical volume
/dev/cciss/c2d0p5 [ 339.14 GB]
0 disks
2 partitions
0 LVM physical volume whole disks
1 LVM physical volumes
[root@ns /data]#
则339.14GB对应的/dev/cciss/c2d0p5就是设备名称
在设备/dev/cciss/c0d0p2的后边已经带有LVM的标记了
表示装Linux系统的时候就使用了LVM
创建物理分区
fdisk /dev/cciss/c2d0p5
按n键，创建一个分区。
类型选择主分区，大小设置为整个磁盘339.14GB即可
创建完成后按w键写入分区表
创建pv
pv的全称是Physical Vloume，首先要在物理分区上创建pv方可。
执行pvcreate /dev/cciss/c2d0p5即可
创建vg
vg的全称是Volume Group，他是一个Volume组，每个pv上要建立一个vg
执行vgcreate VolGroup01 /dev/cciss/c2d0p5
其中VolGroup01是名称，可以自定义
创建lv
lv的全称是Logical Vloume
执行lvcreate -L 300G -n data VolGroup01
其中-L 300G表示空间是300G
-n data表示名字为data
VolGroup01表示所在的vg
随后lv创建完成
这个lv的名字将会叫做/dev/vg名字/lv名字
例如/dev/VolGroup01/data
执行lvscan可以查看名字
[root@ns ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup01/data' [300.00 GB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00' [32.78 GB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01' [1.00 GB] inherit
[root@ns ~]#
这个结果就表示名为data的lv已经创建完成。
同理，再创建data1分区
执行lvcreate -L 39G -n data1 VolGroup01
格式化lv
执行mkfs.ext3 /dev/VolGroup01/data
将磁盘格式化成ext3格式
执行mkfs.ext3 /dev/VolGroup01/data1
将磁盘格式化成ext3格式
挂载lv到普通目录
mkdir /www
mount /dev/VolGroup01/data /www
mkdir /www1
mount /dev/VolGroup01/data1 /www
即可将刚才的两个lv分区分别挂载到/www和/www1的位置
修改/etc/fstab可以在启动时候自动挂载到相应位置
执行df -h可以看分区列表和空间的情况
调整lv的大小
首先取消挂载
umount /www
umount /www1
执行lvresize -L-30G /dev/VolGroup01/data
即可给刚才的data分区减少30GB空间
执行lvresize -L+30G /dev/VolGroup01/data1
即可给刚才的data1分区增加30GB空间
修改之后重新挂载
mount /dev/VolGroup01/data /www
mount /dev/VolGroup01/data1 /www1
现在可以用df -h命令查看具体的磁盘空间
可以看到磁盘容量已经改变
lvm补充知识
（包括1. 关闭PV的PE的分配 2. pvmove 与 pvremove 3. vgcfgbackup 和 vgcfgrestore 4. vgchang -a n 和 y 5. vgmerge 6. vgrename 7. vgexport和vgimport 8. 改变lv的状态 9. lvrename 10. Changing Mirrored Volume Configuration 11. system-config-lvm 12. lvmdiskscan的使用 13. 查看lvm的所有命令 14 . lvm dumpconfig）
/dev/mapper/下是真正的物理设备，但并全部是可以使用的。
/dev/vg00/下的文件全是连接文件，而且全部可以使用，它是mapper下的一个子集。
1. 关闭PV的PE的分配
pvchange -x n /dev/sda10 command disables the use of PEs from the /dev/sda10 partition.
禁止使用：pvchange -x n /dev/sdb
[root@rhttt ~]# pvchange -x n /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" changed
1 physical volume changed / 0 physical volumes not changed
[root@rhttt ~]# lvcreate -L 100m vg00 -n lvceshi
Not enough PVs with free space available for parallel allocation.
Consider --alloc anywhere if desperate.
[root@rhttt lv00]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb
VG Name vg00
PV Size 4.00 GB / not usable 4.00 MB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 4096
Total PE 1023
Free PE 880
Allocated PE 143
PV UUID nuS2Ph-kPni-MW6o-BysP-xjf0-Ludi-VlXVqa
[root@rhttt lv00]#
Allocatable NO
注意上面这一行，可以看到禁止分配了，但是已经分配出去的还是可以正常使用的。
恢复使用: pvchange -x y /dev/sdb
[root@rhttt ~]# pvchange -x y /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" changed
1 physical volume changed / 0 physical volumes not changed
[root@rhttt ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb
VG Name vg00
PV Size 4.00 GB / not usable 4.00 MB
Allocatable yes
PE Size (KByte) 4096
Total PE 1023
Free PE 880
Allocated PE 143
PV UUID nuS2Ph-kPni-MW6o-BysP-xjf0-Ludi-VlXVqa
[root@rhttt ~]#
[root@rhttt ~]# lvcreate -L 100m vg00 -n lvceshi
Logical volume "lvceshi" created
[root@rhttt ~]#
2. pvmove 与 pvremove
[root@rhttt ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc3
Physical volume "/dev/sdc3" successfully created
[root@rhttt ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb vg00 lvm2 a- 4.00G 3.34G
/dev/sdc3 lvm2 -- 290.24M 290.24M
[root@rhttt ~]# vgextend vg00 /dev/sdc3
Volume group "vg00" successfully extended
[root@rhttt ~]# vgdisplay -v
Finding all volume groups
Finding volume group "vg00"
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 13
******* 有省略 *******
--- Physical volumes ---
PV Name /dev/sdb
PV UUID nuS2Ph-kPni-MW6o-BysP-xjf0-Ludi-VlXVqa
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 1023 / 855
PV Name /dev/sdc3
PV UUID 2knZUY-5Ipl-sYDf-Gs05-9Suu-GquV-e7cGsB
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 72 / 72
[root@rhttt ~]# pvmove /dev/sdc3
No data to move for vg00
[root@rhttt ~]# vgreduce vg00 /dev/sdc3
Removed "/dev/sdc3" from volume group "vg00"
[root@rhttt ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb vg00 lvm2 a- 4.00G 3.34G
/dev/sdc3 lvm2 -- 290.24M 290.24M
[root@rhttt ~]# pvremove /dev/sdc3
/dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system
Attempt to close device '/dev/cdrom' which is not open.
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc3" successfully wiped
[root@rhttt ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb vg00 lvm2 a- 4.00G 3.34G
[root@rhttt ~]#
3. vgcfgbackup 和 vgcfgrestore
vgcfgbackup
[root@rhttt ~]# ls -l --full-time /etc/lvm/backup/
total 4
-rw------- 1 root root 2142 2009-01-28 02:55:57.000000000 +0800 vg00
[root@rhttt ~]# vgcfgbackup
Volume group "vg00" successfully backed up.
[root@rhttt ~]# ls -l --full-time /etc/lvm/backup/
total 4
-rw------- 1 root root 2142 2009-02-23 18:00:02.000000000 +0800 vg00
[root@rhttt ~]#
vgcfgrestore
[root@rhttt ~]# vgcfgrestore
Please specify a *single* volume group to restore.
[root@rhttt ~]# vgcfgrestore vg00
Restored volume group vg00
[root@rhttt ~]#
4. vgchang -a n 和 y
[root@rhttt ~]# vgchange -a n vg00
Can't deactivate volume group "vg00" with 1 open logical volume(s)
[root@rhttt ~]# umount /lv00
[root@rhttt ~]# vgchange -a n vg00
0 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg00" now active
[root@rhttt ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg00 1 3 0 wz--n- 4.00G 3.44G
[root@rhttt ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 17
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 4.00 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 1023
Alloc PE / Size 143 / 572.00 MB
Free PE / Size 880 / 3.44 GB
VG UUID 64901Y-EfcH-GbO5-G4Kj-mKCL-VIx9-2MD2un
[root@rhttt ~]#
[root@rhttt ~]# vgchange -a y
3 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg00" now active
[root@rhttt ~]# mount /dev/vg00/lv00 /lv00
[root@rhttt ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 3.6G 2.8G 585M 83% /
/dev/sda1 99M 11M 83M 12% /boot
tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdc1 471M 25M 423M 6% /home
/dev/mapper/vg00-lv00
454M 212M 219M 50% /lv00
[root@rhttt ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 17
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 4.00 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 1023
Alloc PE / Size 143 / 572.00 MB
Free PE / Size 880 / 3.44 GB
VG UUID 64901Y-EfcH-GbO5-G4Kj-mKCL-VIx9-2MD2un
[root@rhttt ~]#
5. vgmerge
# vgmerge vg00 vg01
将后一个逻辑卷vg01 合并到vg00中去，合并前要先将vg01置为inactive状态。
合并后还要重新激活vg00，已使所有已有的逻辑卷置为可用的状态。
If you have an unused VG vgroup01, you can merge it into vgroup00 with
the following command: vgmerge vgroup00 vgroup01.
前提：v01下原有一个lv(lv_other)应经创建文件系统。
[root@rhttt ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg00 1 3 0 wz--n- 4.00G 3.44G
vg01 1 1 0 wz--n- 52.00M 20.00M
[root@rhttt ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb vg00 lvm2 a- 4.00G 3.44G
/dev/sdc5 vg01 lvm2 a- 52.00M 20.00M
[root@rhttt ~]# vgmerge vg00 vg01
/dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system
Logical volumes in "vg01" must be inactive
[root@rhttt ~]# vgchange -a n vg01
0 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg01" now active
[root@rhttt ~]# vgmerge vg00 vg01
Volume group "vg01" successfully merged into "vg00"
[root@rhttt ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg00 2 4 0 wz--n- 4.05G 3.46G
[root@rhttt ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb vg00 lvm2 a- 4.00G 3.44G
/dev/sdc5 vg00 lvm2 a- 52.00M 20.00M
[root@rhttt ~]#
[root@rhttt ~]# vgdisplay -v
Finding all volume groups
Finding volume group "vg00"
***** 有省略 *****
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg00/lv_other
VG Name vg00
LV UUID kWQgeQ-diTs-TtUX-abXr-hAbO-1vnf-Id2KgX
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status NOT available
LV Size 32.00 MB
Current LE 8
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
--- Physical volumes ---
PV Name /dev/sdb
PV UUID nuS2Ph-kPni-MW6o-BysP-xjf0-Ludi-VlXVqa
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 1023 / 880
PV Name /dev/sdc5
PV UUID vrhxxa-BizP-hjof-kJAc-4E3Z-yEKR-1bTmst
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 13 / 5
[root@rhttt ~]#
注意：下面的这个，lv的状态不可用
LV Status NOT available
[root@rhttt ~]# vgchange -a y vg00
4 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg00" now active
再次vgdisplay -v 查看：
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg00/lv_other
VG Name vg00
LV UUID kWQgeQ-diTs-TtUX-abXr-hAbO-1vnf-Id2KgX
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 32.00 MB
Current LE 8
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:3
挂载：
[root@rhttt ~]# mount /dev/vg00/lv_other /lv_other/
6. vgrename
改变vg的名字
[root@rhttt ~]# vgrename vg00 my_vg
Volume group "vg00" still has active LVs
[root@rhttt ~]# vgchange -a n vg00
0 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg00" now active
[root@rhttt ~]# vgrename vg00 my_vg
/dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system
Attempt to close device '/dev/cdrom' which is not open.
Volume group "vg00" successfully renamed to "my_vg"
[root@rhttt ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
my_vg 2 4 0 wz--n- 4.05G 3.46G
这时所有的VG的lv的状态都是NOT available，需要重新激活以下
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/my_vg/lv_other
VG Name my_vg
LV UUID kWQgeQ-diTs-TtUX-abXr-hAbO-1vnf-Id2KgX
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status NOT available
LV Size 32.00 MB
Current LE 8
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
[root@rhttt ~]# vgchange -a y my_vg
4 logical volume(s) in volume group "my_vg" now active
7. vgexport和vgimport
vgexport allows you to make the inactive VolumeGroupName(s) unknown to the system. You can then move all the
Physical Volumes in that Volume Group to a different system for later vgimport(8). Most LVM2 tools ignore
exported Volume Groups.
vgimport allows you to make a Volume Group that was previously exported using vgexport(8) known to the system
again, perhaps after moving its Physical Volumes from a different machine.
[root@rhttt ~]# vgchange -a n my_vg
0 logical volume(s) in volume group "my_vg" now active
[root@rhttt ~]# vgdisplay -v my_vg
Using volume group(s) on command line
Finding volume group "my_vg"
--- Volume group ---
VG Name my_vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 25
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 4
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 4.00 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 1023
Alloc PE / Size 151 / 604.00 MB
Free PE / Size 872 / 3.41 GB
VG UUID 64901Y-EfcH-GbO5-G4Kj-mKCL-VIx9-2MD2un
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/my_vg/lv00
VG Name my_vg
LV UUID cx0Ipu-lZjk-21pY-uTDz-toxm-sWzF-6AL4Mh
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status NOT available
LV Size 468.00 MB
Current LE 117
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
******** 有省略 ********
--- Physical volumes ---
PV Name /dev/sdb
PV UUID nuS2Ph-kPni-MW6o-BysP-xjf0-Ludi-VlXVqa
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 1023 / 872
[root@rhttt ~]#
当关闭my_vg的活动状态时，就可以将该卷vgexport。
[root@rhttt ~]# vgexport my_vg
Volume group "my_vg" successfully exported
[root@rhttt ~]#
注意：-a 参数是所有的vg，但激活的lv的vg不受影响。
[root@rhttt ~]# vgexport -a
Volume group "vg01" has active logical volumes
Volume group my_vg is exported
[root@rhttt ~]#
[root@rhttt ~]# vgdisplay -v my_vg
Using volume group(s) on command line
Finding volume group "my_vg"
Volume group my_vg is exported
--- Volume group ---
VG Name my_vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 26
VG Access read/write
VG Status exported/resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 4
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 4.00 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 1023
Alloc PE / Size 151 / 604.00 MB
Free PE / Size 872 / 3.41 GB
VG UUID 64901Y-EfcH-GbO5-G4Kj-mKCL-VIx9-2MD2un
Volume group my_vg is exported
--- Physical volumes ---
PV Name /dev/sdb
PV UUID nuS2Ph-kPni-MW6o-BysP-xjf0-Ludi-VlXVqa
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 1023 / 872
[root@rhttt ~]#
注意这句，此前有很多的lv，现在全部没有了。
Volume group my_vg is exported
在本机恢复：
[root@rhttt ~]# vgimport my_vg
Volume group "my_vg" successfully imported
[root@rhttt ~]# vgimport my_vg
Volume group "my_vg" is not exported
[root@rhttt ~]#
注意：当第2次执行时，就报其它的错误了。
[root@rhttt ~]# vgchange -a y my_vg
4 logical volume(s) in volume group "my_vg" now active
[root@rhttt ~]#
在其它服务器上恢复：
[root@rhdb2 ~]# vgscan
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...
Found exported volume group "my_vg" using metadata type lvm2
Found volume group "vg00" using metadata type lvm2
[root@rhdb2 ~]# vgimport my_vg
Volume group "my_vg" successfully imported
[root@rhdb2 ~]#
[root@rhdb2 ~]# vgchange -a y my_vg
4 logical volume(s) in volume group "my_vg" now active
[root@rhdb2 ~]# mkdir /lv00
[root@rhdb2 ~]# mount /dev/my_vg/lv00 /lv00
8. 改变lv的状态
lvchange
Similar to pvchange, changes the attributes of an LV: for example,
the lvchange -a n vgroup00/lvol00 command disables the use of the LV labeled lvol00.
[root@rhttt /]# lvdisplay my_vg/lv00
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/my_vg/lv00
VG Name my_vg
LV UUID cx0Ipu-lZjk-21pY-uTDz-toxm-sWzF-6AL4Mh
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 468.00 MB
Current LE 117
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
(1) 使lv00失活
[root@rhttt /]# lvchange -a n my_vg/lv00
[root@rhttt /]# lvdisplay my_vg/lv00
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/my_vg/lv00
VG Name my_vg
LV UUID cx0Ipu-lZjk-21pY-uTDz-toxm-sWzF-6AL4Mh
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status NOT available
LV Size 468.00 MB
Current LE 117
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
(2) 将lv00激活
[root@rhttt /]# lvchange -a y my_vg/lv00
[root@rhttt /]# lvdisplay my_vg/lv00
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/my_vg/lv00
VG Name my_vg
LV UUID cx0Ipu-lZjk-21pY-uTDz-toxm-sWzF-6AL4Mh
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 468.00 MB
Current LE 117
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
[root@rhttt /]#
失活逻辑卷my_vg下的所有lv
[root@rhttt /]# lvchange -a n my_vg
激活逻辑卷my_vg下的所有lv
[root@rhttt /]# lvchange -a y my_vg
注意：正在使用的lv是不会被失活的，如下所示。
[root@rhttt /]# lvchange -a n my_vg/lv00
LV my_vg/lv00 in use: not deactivating
[root@rhttt /]# lvchange -a n my_vg
LV my_vg/lv00 in use: not deactivating
9. lvrename
lvrename - rename a logical volume
To rename lvold in volume group vg02 to lvnew:
lvrename /dev/vg02/lvold /dev/vg02/lvnew
An alternate syntax to rename this logical volume is
lvrename vg02 lvold lvnew
将lv00变名为lv00_new
[root@rhttt ~]# lvrename /dev/my_vg/lv00 /dev/my_vg/lv00_new
Renamed "lv00" to "lv00_new" in volume group "my_vg"
[root@rhttt ~]#
恢复：重新将lv00_new变回lv00
[root@rhttt ~]# lvrename my_vg lv00_new lv00
Renamed "lv00_new" to "lv00" in volume group "my_vg"
[root@rhttt ~]#
10. Changing Mirrored Volume Configuration
相反的操作例子：
The following command converts the linear logical volume vg00/lvol1 to a mirrored logical volume.
lvconvert -m1 vg00/lvol1
The following command converts the mirrored logical volume vg00/lvol1 to a linear logical volume, removing the mirror leg.
lvconvert -m0 vg00/lvol1
lvconvert
If there are sufficient available PVs, the lvconvert -m1 vgroup00/lvol00 command mirrors the LV.
-m, --mirrors Mirrors
Specifies the degree of the mirror you wish to create. For example, "-m 1" would convert the original
logical volume to a mirror volume with 2-sides; that is, a linear volume plus one copy.
Examples
"lvconvert -m1 vg00/lvol1"
converts the linear logical volume "vg00/lvol1" to a two-way mirror logical volume.
"lvconvert --mirrorlog core vg00/lvol1"
converts a mirror with a disk log to a mirror with an in-memory log.
"lvconvert --mirrorlog disk vg00/lvol1"
converts a mirror with an in-memory log to a mirror with a disk log.
"lvconvert -m0 vg00/lvol1"
converts a mirror logical volume to a linear logical volume.
"lvconvert -s vg00/lvol1 vg00/lvol2"
converts logical volume "vg00/lvol2" to snapshot of original volume "vg00/lvol1"
开始操作：
没有足够的PV, 转换后报错：
[root@rhttt ~]# lvconvert -m1 vg01/lv911
Not enough PVs with free space available for parallel allocation.
Consider --alloc anywhere if desperate.
Unable to allocate extents for mirror(s).
[root@rhttt ~]#
加pv，然后再运行：
[root@rhttt ~]# lvconvert -m1 vg01/lv911
vg01/lv911: Converted: 100.0%
Logical volume lv911 converted.
[root@rhttt ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb my_vg lvm2 a- 4.00G 3.41G
/dev/sdc2 vg01 lvm2 a- 980.00M 980.00M
/dev/sdc3 vg01 lvm2 a- 288.00M 288.00M
/dev/sdc5 vg01 lvm2 a- 52.00M 32.00M
[root@rhttt ~]#
[root@rhttt ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
lv00 my_vg -wi-a- 468.00M
lv01 my_vg -wi-a- 52.00M
lv02 my_vg -wi-a- 52.00M
lv_other my_vg -wi-a- 32.00M
lv911 vg01 mwi-a- 20.00M lv911_mlog 100.00
[root@rhttt ~]#
注意：下面的输出，除了lv911以外，全是命令运行后的结果。
[root@rhttt ~]# vgdisplay -v vg01
Using volume group(s) on command line
Finding volume group "vg01"
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg01
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 9
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 4
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 1.29 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 330
Alloc PE / Size 11 / 44.00 MB
Free PE / Size 319 / 1.25 GB
VG UUID G48WnK-XEDn-8azf-heXP-QcLg-SBhB-KPs40V
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg01/lv911
VG Name vg01
LV UUID bi0O8B-pN3K-wxui-lNP6-lqHJ-pOM7-ZXRBmP
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 20.00 MB
Current LE 5
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg01/lv911_mlog
VG Name vg01
LV UUID fTZbFe-qxes-bolq-cvet-uI1L-C1nw-NMploJ
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 4.00 MB
Current LE 1
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:5
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg01/lv911_mimage_0
VG Name vg01
LV UUID nbecog-9sM1-NXgF-I4Ga-HB22-poFQ-etkG75
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 20.00 MB
Current LE 5
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:6
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg01/lv911_mimage_1
VG Name vg01
LV UUID i3lAmS-Gp0Y-76An-JL5f-i0Gm-1nCE-KyW50J
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 20.00 MB
Current LE 5
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:7
--- Physical volumes ---
PV Name /dev/sdc5
PV UUID vrhxxa-BizP-hjof-kJAc-4E3Z-yEKR-1bTmst
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 13 / 8
PV Name /dev/sdc3
PV UUID ZAqwc1-VnyF-yQ4Q-iqAW-DKMr-DkGx-54QPCv
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 72 / 71
PV Name /dev/sdc2
PV UUID TFShuz-ZUEr-3JDZ-Zk6T-CnFJ-u1Cz-Vd0gtK
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 245 / 240
[root@rhttt ~]#
一些lv的解释：
/dev/vg01/lv911 逻辑卷的接口，并不占用实际存储
/dev/vg01/lv911_mimage_0 实际存储的位置0
/dev/vg01/lv911_mimage_1 实际存储的位置1
/dev/vg01/lv911_mlog 两个实际存储的mimage的同步日志的存放的位置
撤销lv911的镜像，恢复线性存储，如下所示：
[root@rhttt ~]# lvconvert -m0 vg01/lv911
Logical volume lv911 converted.
[root@rhttt ~]#
[root@rhttt ~]# vgdisplay vg01 -v
Using volume group(s) on command line
Finding volume group "vg01"
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg01
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 14
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 1.29 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 330
Alloc PE / Size 5 / 20.00 MB
Free PE / Size 325 / 1.27 GB
VG UUID G48WnK-XEDn-8azf-heXP-QcLg-SBhB-KPs40V
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg01/lv911
VG Name vg01
LV UUID bi0O8B-pN3K-wxui-lNP6-lqHJ-pOM7-ZXRBmP
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 20.00 MB
Current LE 5
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Physical volumes ---
PV Name /dev/sdc5
PV UUID vrhxxa-BizP-hjof-kJAc-4E3Z-yEKR-1bTmst
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 13 / 8
PV Name /dev/sdc3
PV UUID ZAqwc1-VnyF-yQ4Q-iqAW-DKMr-DkGx-54QPCv
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 72 / 72
PV Name /dev/sdc2
PV UUID TFShuz-ZUEr-3JDZ-Zk6T-CnFJ-u1Cz-Vd0gtK
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 245 / 245
[root@rhttt ~]#
11. system-config-lvm
扩缩文件系统时，自动操作，不需手动扩展和回缩文件系统。
在快照分区的删除过程中，出现问题，无法删除。
lv在创建过程中，只能指定区的个数，每个PE 4M。
12. lvmdiskscan的使用
[root@oradb2 ~]# lvmdiskscan -l
WARNING: only considering LVM devices
/dev/sda2 [ 33.99 GB] LVM physical volume
/dev/sdb [ 34.18 GB] LVM physical volume
/dev/sdc [ 34.18 GB] LVM physical volume
2 LVM physical volume whole disks
1 LVM physical volume
[root@oradb2 ~]#
[root@oradb2 ~]# lvmdiskscan
/dev/ramdisk [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/root [ 3.00 GB]
/dev/ram [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/sda1 [ 196.08 MB]
/dev/vg00/lv03 [ 2.00 GB]
/dev/ram2 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/sda2 [ 33.99 GB] LVM physical volume
/dev/vg00/lv02 [ 2.00 GB]
/dev/ram3 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/vg00/lv07 [ 9.09 GB]
/dev/ram4 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/vg00/lv04 [ 5.88 GB]
/dev/ram5 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/vg00/lv06 [ 10.00 GB]
/dev/ram6 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/vg00/lv05 [ 2.00 GB]
/dev/ram7 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram8 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram9 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram10 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram11 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram12 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram13 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram14 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram15 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/sdb [ 34.18 GB] LVM physical volume
/dev/sdc [ 34.18 GB] LVM physical volume
3 disks
21 partitions
2 LVM physical volume whole disks
1 LVM physical volume
[root@oradb2 ~]#
13. 查看lvm的所有命令
[root@oradb2 ~]# man lvm
同时，还以看到lvm后边可以直接跟lvm的相关命令，如下所示：
SYNOPSIS
lvm [command | file]
[root@oradb2 ~]# lvm vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg00 3 7 0 wz--n- 102.28G 68.31G
[root@oradb2 ~]# lvm pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 vg00 lvm2 a- 33.97G 0
/dev/sdb vg00 lvm2 a- 34.16G 34.16G
/dev/sdc vg00 lvm2 a- 34.16G 34.16G
[root@oradb2 ~]# lvm lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
lv01 vg00 -wi-ao 3.00G
lv02 vg00 -wi-ao 2.00G
lv03 vg00 -wi-ao 2.00G
lv04 vg00 -wi-ao 5.88G
lv05 vg00 -wi-ao 2.00G
lv06 vg00 -wi-ao 10.00G
lv07 vg00 -wi-ao 9.09G
[root@oradb2 ~]#
14 . lvm dumpconfig
To display the settings in use after loading all the configuration files,
execute the lvm dumpconfig command.
[root@oradb1 u02]# lvm dumpconfig
devices {
dir="/dev"
scan="/dev"
preferred_names=[]
filter="a/.*/"
cache_dir="/etc/lvm/cache"
cache_file_prefix=""
write_cache_state=1
sysfs_scan=1
md_component_detection=1
ignore_suspended_devices=0
}
activation {
missing_stripe_filler="/dev/ioerror"
reserved_stack=256
reserved_memory=8192
process_priority=-18
mirror_region_size=512
readahead="auto"
mirror_log_fault_policy="allocate"
mirror_device_fault_policy="remove"
}
global {
library_dir="/usr/lib"
umask=63
test=0
units="h"
activation=1
proc="/proc"
locking_type=3
fallback_to_clustered_locking=1
fallback_to_local_locking=1
locking_dir="/var/lock/lvm"
}
shell {
history_size=100
}
backup {
backup=1
backup_dir="/etc/lvm/backup"
archive=1
archive_dir="/etc/lvm/archive"
retain_min=10
retain_days=30
}
log {
verbose=0
syslog=1
overwrite=0
level=0
indent=1
command_names=0
prefix=" "
}
[root@oradb1 u02]#
lvm信息查看
Initializing Physical Volumes
[root@rhdb1 ~]# vgscan
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...
/dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system
Attempt to close device '/dev/cdrom' which is not open.
No volume groups found
[root@rhdb1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdf /dev/sdg /dev/sdh
Physical volume "/dev/sdf" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdg" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdh" successfully created
Displaying Physical Volumes
[root@rhdb1 ~]# pvscan
/dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system
Attempt to close device '/dev/cdrom' which is not open.
PV /dev/sdf lvm2 [10.00 GB]
PV /dev/sdg lvm2 [10.00 GB]
PV /dev/sdh lvm2 [10.00 GB]
Total: 3 [30.00 GB] / in use: 0 [0 ] / in no VG: 3 [30.00 GB]
Creating Volume Groups
[root@rhdb1 ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdf /dev/sdg /dev/sdh
Volume group "vg01" successfully created
[root@rhdb1 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg01 3 0 0 wz--n- 29.99G 29.99G
[root@rhdb1 ~]# lvcreate -L 1500M -i3 -I64 -n lv_system vg01
删除：
[root@rhdb1 ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg01/lv_system' [1.46 GB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg01/lv_sysaux' [1.96 GB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg01/lv_undotbs1' [1.96 GB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg01/lv_undotbs2' [1.96 GB] inherit
[root@rhdb1 ~]# lvremove /dev/vg01/lv_system
/dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system
Do you really want to remove active logical volume "lv_system"? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "lv_system" successfully removed
[root@rhdb1 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg01 3 0 0 wz--n- 29.99G 29.99G
[root@rhdb1 ~]# vgchange -a n vg01
0 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg01" now active
[root@rhdb1 ~]# vgremove vg01
Volume group "vg01" successfully removed
Displaying Volumes
pvs, pvdisplay, pvscan
vgs, vgdisplay, vgscan
lvs, lvdisplay, lvscan
[root@rhdb1 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdf lvm2 -- 10.00G 10.00G
/dev/sdg lvm2 -- 10.00G 10.00G
/dev/sdh lvm2 -- 10.00G 10.00G
[root@rhdb1 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg01 3 0 0 wz--n- 29.99G 29.99G
[root@rhdb1 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
lv_control1 vg01 -wi-a- 504.00M
lv_control2 vg01 -wi-a- 504.00M
lv_example vg01 -wi-a- 504.00M
lv_ocr vg01 -wi-a- 204.00M
lv_orapw vg01 -wi-a- 108.00M
lv_redo1_1 vg01 -wi-a- 204.00M
lv_redo1_2 vg01 -wi-a- 204.00M
lv_redo2_1 vg01 -wi-a- 204.00M
lv_redo2_2 vg01 -wi-a- 204.00M
lv_spfile vg01 -wi-a- 108.00M
lv_sysaux vg01 -wi-a- 1.96G
lv_system vg01 -wi-a- 1.46G
lv_temp vg01 -wi-a- 1.96G
lv_undotbs1 vg01 -wi-a- 1.96G
lv_undotbs2 vg01 -wi-a- 1.96G
lv_users vg01 -wi-a- 504.00M
lv_vote vg01 -wi-a- 60.00M
[root@rhdb1 ~]#
Scanning for Block Devices
[root@rhdb1 backup]# lvmdiskscan
/dev/ramdisk [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/cdrom [ 2.87 GB]
/dev/ram [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/sda1 [ 196.08 MB]
/dev/ram2 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/sda2 [ 5.86 GB]
/dev/ram3 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/sda3 [ 1.95 GB]
/dev/ram4 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram5 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/sda5 [ 996.19 MB]
/dev/ram6 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/sda6 [ 996.19 MB]
/dev/ram7 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/root [ 996.19 MB]
/dev/ram8 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/sda8 [ 9.07 GB]
/dev/ram9 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram10 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram11 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram12 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram13 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram14 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/ram15 [ 16.00 MB]
/dev/sdb1 [ 10.00 GB]
/dev/sdc1 [ 4.00 GB]
/dev/sdd1 [ 4.00 GB]
/dev/sde1 [ 2.00 GB]
/dev/sdf [ 10.00 GB]
/dev/sdg [ 10.00 GB]
/dev/sdh [ 10.00 GB]
7 disks
24 partitions
0 LVM physical volume whole disks
0 LVM physical volumes
[root@rhdb1 backup]#
/etc/rc.d/rc.local 中的设置
============================
[root@rhdb1 ~]# vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdi1
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 /dev/sdi2
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 /dev/vg01/lv_system
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw4 /dev/vg01/lv_sysaux
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 /dev/vg01/lv_undotbs1
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 /dev/vg01/lv_undotbs2
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw7 /dev/vg01/lv_example
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw8 /dev/vg01/lv_users
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw9 /dev/vg01/lv_temp
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw10 /dev/vg01/lv_spfile
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw11 /dev/vg01/lv_orapw
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw12 /dev/vg01/lv_control1
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw13 /dev/vg01/lv_control2
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw14 /dev/vg01/lv_redo1_1
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw15 /dev/vg01/lv_redo1_2
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw16 /dev/vg01/lv_redo2_1
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw17 /dev/vg01/lv_redo2_2
/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw18 /dev/vg01/lv_fra
chown oracle:oinstall /dev/raw/raw[1-9]
chown oracle:oinstall /dev/raw/raw[1-9][0-8]
chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw[1-9]
chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw[1-9][0-8]
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