最近，因工作需要把5，6年前C#写的一个用Oracle Data Provider for .NET (ODP.NET) 连接Oracle10的小工具翻出来了。原来在Win7+VS2015编译运行的，现在在Win10下也能正常运行，功能也照旧。但是工具去连接一个新的Oracle数据库时，发生了“ORA-28040: No matching authentication protocol”错误。
经广泛查询，可能是Oracle Instant Client版本的问题，查看了一下当前dll的版本是11.0.1，好好看了下本文后附的这个文章，重新在（https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/instant-client/downloads.html）下载了11.2.0.4的32bit版本，下载好解压提取.dll文件，直接替换，再编译运行，OK了。就这样绿色版本（不需要安装Oracle客户端）的连接Oracle的下载小工具又复活了，有需要代码或资料的同学请留言啊。
辛苦也点一下“在看”什么的。
后面这篇文章是学习的内容，保留一下，以备后用。
https://logic.edchen.org/how-to-resolve-ora-28040-no-matching-authentication-protocol/ 需要看这个文章的同学请直接打开这个网址
ORA-28040: No matching authentication protocol
When I tried to connect to a 12.1 database from an Oracle client 9.2, it failed with ORA-28040: No matching authentication protocol.
I knew there could be some interoperability problems between versions, especially when the version gap is big like this case, Oracle 9i client connect to 12c or 18c database. But I didn't expect ORA-28040 to show up.
For those users who want to use Oracle client 11g to connect to database 19c, but failed with ORA-28040, I'll talk about it in the last section.
Same error may occur while you're using old Oracle JDBC drivers, say ojdbc14.jar or below, to connect a 12c or 18c database. I'll talk more about Oracle JDBC driver with ORA-28040 later in the post.
Let's see the content of ORA-28040.
o Description
ORA-28040: No matching authentication protocol
o Cause
There was no acceptable authentication protocol for either client or server.
o Action
The administrator should set the values of the SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_SERVER and SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_CLIENT parameters, on both the client and on the server, to values that match the minimum version software supported in the system. This error ORA-28040 is also raised when the client is authenticating to a user account which was created without a verifier suitable for the client software version. In this situation, that account's password must be reset, in order for the required verifier to be generated and allow authentication to proceed successfully.
Server or Clients?
According to the above explanation about ORA-28040, we should provide compatible authentication protocol for either client or server to accept. But now the question is: Should we change server configuration or just upgrade Oracle clients?
In fact, it depends on what privileges you have. For database administrators, you can change the server configuration to solve all users' problems at once. As for developers, fixing or upgrading Oracle clients is the only choice you can do, so as to match authenticated protocol of Oracle 12c databases.
For better understanding different applicable situations, I will split the solutions against ORA-28040 into two main parts in this post, the first part is for server side, the other one is for client side.
1. Server Side Solutions
2. Client Side Solutions
Server Side Solutions to ORA-28040
If you have the right to change the network configuration on the server side, then you have chances to solve ORA-28040 for all users in minutes. As a matter of fact, most developers do not have the right.
Scenario 1: New Database is Acting as a Server
Oracle 9i Clients to 12c Server
When your users refused to upgrade their old clients to connect a higher version of database, say 12c, ORA-28040 would become a frequent and typical error in your daily job.
Said clients could be an Oracle 9i server which acts as a client to connect to an Oracle 12c database server like below. ORA-28040 was thrown by sqlplus as usual:
ORA-28040 SQL*Plus Connect from 9i to 12c
After searching for some other solutions, I found an Oracle documentation about "Parameters for the sqlnet.ora File" is very helpful to explain ORA-28040. In which, it explains in what situation we should use SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_SERVER to be compatible with both ends of authentication protocol.
Purpose
To set the minimum authentication protocol allowed when connecting to Oracle Database instances.
Usage Notes
The term VERSION in the parameter name refers to the version of the authentication protocol, not the Oracle Database release.
If the client version does not meet or exceed the value defined by this parameter, then authentication fails with an ORA-28040: No matching authentication protocol error or an ORA-03134: Connections to this server version are no longer supported error.
Here is my solution to ORA-28040: Adding SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_SERVER=8 to sqlnet.ora in 12.1 database server (not the old client).
[oracle@test ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/sqlnet.ora...SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_SERVER=8
Please note that, you should use sqlnet.ora at database-level, not grid-level if you're in a RAC environment according to MOS Doc ID 562589.1. And I have confirmed that.
As for taking effect, you don't have to restart listener, the new incoming connections will apply the new values. Just make sure the setting is correct.
This time, our connections have no ORA-28040 shown up. Moreover, we can migrate data from 9i to 12c over a database link.
For some users who saw ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied need DBA's interventions.
Scenario 2: New Database is Acting as a Client
Oracle 12c Clients to 9i Server
From the opposite direction, if you want to connect from a 12.1 to a 9.2 database, say database link connections, you should also set:SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_CLIENT=8in sqlnet.ora to prevent unmatched authenticated protocol error ORA-28040.
For your reference, I quote some text about SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_CLIENT below. Same reason here for ORA-28040, it's a compatible issue:
Purpose
To set the minimum authentication protocol allowed for clients, and when a server is acting as a client, such as connecting over a database link, when connecting to Oracle Database instances.
Further reading: DB Link, How and Why
The connections from 9i to 12c can be worked around by the solutions provided in this post. In contrast, 12c to 9i usually fails due to ORA-03134, not ORA-28040.
ORA-03134: Connections to this server version are no longer supported.
I talked about the solution to ORA-03134 in another post:How to Resolve ORA-03134: Connections to this server version are no longer supported.
Client Side Solutions to ORA-28040
Developers who don't act as DBA may have no right to change SQLNET.ORA on the server. Therefore, changing or upgrading their own clients is probably the only solution to ORA-28040: No matching authentication protocol. From now on, we begin to focus on clients. Especially for those who are using Oracle JDBC drivers.
Oracle JDBC Driver
Since Oracle 12.1 database claims that it is compatible with ojdbc6.jar for JDK 6 or ojdbc7.jar for JDK 7, so ojdbc14.jar for JDK 1.4 or below is no longer matching for clients to connect through the authenticated protocol of a 12.1 database. That's why you see ORA-28040 in java.sql.SQLException error stack.
More information for JDBC developers can be found at Oracle Database JDBC Developer's Guide: Version Compatibility for Oracle JDBC Drivers.
Now, let's see some client tools that generate ORA-28040 and how we handle it.
1. SQL Developer
2. PL/SQL Developer
3. TOAD for Oracle
4. SQuirreL SQL Client
SQL Developer
If you were using old SQL developer like this, you will see ORA-28040 whenever you connect to a 12.1 database.
SQL developer - Connection Test Found ORA-28040: No matching authentication protocol
Basically, SQL developer is a self-contained software, you can unzip the software and start to use it. That is to say, SQL developer usually uses its own JDK including JDBC driver to run itself.
Solution
Even though I see no chance to replace Oracle JDBC driver in the same old SQL developer, you can always download the newest SQL developer with newer Oracle JDBC driver from Oracle website. So as to solve ORA-28040.
Don't worry about the connection settings, the new SQL developer will prompt you the migration option in your first time open.
Further reading: How to Connect MySQL from SQL Developer
PL/SQL Developer
PL/SQL developer is an install-based software. Generally, it leverages your native Oracle client to find necessary configuration file. Furthermore, it uses Oracle Call Interface (OCI) of your native Oracle client to connect Oracle databases.
That is, if your native Oracle client is old enough, you will get ORA-28040 like this:
ORA-28040 in PL/SQL Developer
Solution
The solution to ORA-28040 in PL/SQL developer is to replace the old OCI with a newer one. First of all, you have to download an Oracle instant client which contains corresponding OCI library. The proper version should be at least 11g.
In our case, I downloaded and unzipped a basic package of Oracle instant client for windows 32-bit to C:\oracle, the filename is instantclient-basic-nt-11.2.0.4.0.zip for instance.
Please make sure that at least Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 Redistributable has been installed in your machine before using Oracle instant client 11.2.
Step 1: Open Preferences Dialog
Click on the function menu and search for Tools -> Preferences to open the dialog.
PL/SQL Developer - Function Menu - Tools -> Preferences
Step 2: Go to "Connection" Section
Click on Oracle -> Connection to check current Oracle Home.
PL/SQL Developer - Preferences - Connection
Step 3: Change OCI Library
Point to new unzipped instant client's OCI. Please note that, you have to provide the whole absolute path including the filename, not just only the directory.
PL/SQL Developer - Preferences - Connections - Change OCI Library Location
Step 4: Test the Connection
Restart PL/SQL developer and logon an Oracle 12c database.
PL/SQL Developer - Logon an Oracle 12c Database
That's how we fight against ORA-28040 in PL/SQL Developer.
Toad for Oracle
Toad for Oracle is also an installer-based software that is mainly used for database administration and sometimes for development. Same error ORA-28040 may occur in Toad for Oracle, if the underlying network substrate is the same old Oracle 9.2.
ORA-28040 Toad for Oracle - From 9i to 12c
As we can see, the tool utilized the underlying Oracle client 9.2 to connect a 12c database. That's why we saw ORA-28040 alert in Toad for Oracle 9.7.
Solution
The solution to ORA-28040 in Toad for Oracle is pretty straightforward, just install a newer Oracle client, at least 11g for Toad to utilize of.
Please note that, Oracle client and Oracle instant client are different, the former is an install-based and full-fledged software, the later is a portable and partial-functioned package.
In this case, I downloaded and installed Oracle client 11.2.0.1 for windows 32-bit from Oracle website. Consequently, the newly installed Oracle client creates some registry parameters like ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN as environment variables for tools like Toad to recognize. So that, the restarted Toad will automatically detect the new Oracle client for us.
New Oracle Client Detected by Toad for Oracle
As we can see, the new Oracle client is found by Toad and ready to be used to match the authentication protocol of an Oracle 12c database.
If the new Oracle client is not detected and selected, you should use the drop-down list to choose the right one to use. Nevertheless, if there's no new Oracle client in the drop-down list, you should check required registry parameters of the new Oracle client, such as ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN in Windows.
SQuirreL SQL Client
SQuirreL SQL Client is a pure Java-based software that can access databases given proper JDBC drivers. In this tool, I used ojdbc14.jar to connect a 12c database, the error is the same, ORA-28040: No matching authentication protocol.
SQuirreL SQL Client - ORA-28040: No matching authentication protocol
Solution
How we handle it? This time, we don't have to upgrade the software like SQL developer to solve ORA-28040, because this tool allows us to replace Oracle JDBC Driver with a newer version. In this case, we replace the old driver ojdbc14.jar with newer ojdbc7.jar.
First of all, you have to choose and download a proper JDBC driver that matches the authenticated protocol of 12c database at Oracle JDBC and UCP Downloads page. For 12c databases, either ojdbc6.jar or ojdbc7.jar Oracle JDBC driver is proper to solve ORA-28040.
Step 1: Delete old driver
Delete the old driver which is ojdbc14.jar.
SQuirreL SQL Client - Delete ojdbc14.jar Oracle JDBC driver
Step 2: Add a new driver
Click on Add button.
SQuirreL SQL Client - Add driver
Select ojdbc7.jar in the file browser
SQuirreL SQL Client - Add ojdbc7.jar Oracle JDBC driver
The new driver is selected as shown below.
SQuirreL SQL Client - ojdbc7.jar Oracle JDBC driver added
Step 3: Test the connection
After replacing the old Oracle JDBC driver with a newer one, we can now test the connection again.
SQuirreL SQL Client - Connect to 12.1 Successfully
The connection is successful, no longer ORA-28040.
Oralce Client 11g Connects to Database 19c
Recently, we received some feedback from users who want to connect to database 19c from client 11g, but failed with ORA-28040.
After some investigations, we found only one release of 11g client can reach database 19c. It's Oracle client 11.2.0.4 which is the last release of 11g.
Oracle client 11.2.0.1 ---X---> Oracle database 19cOracle client 11.2.0.2 ---X---> Oracle database 19cOracle client 11.2.0.4 -------> Oracle database 19c
Either Oracle client 11.2.0.4 or instant client 11.2.0.4 is able to reach Oracle database 19c.
