Oracle 19c 之 RPM 包安装初体验（一）

JiekeXu之路 2020-06-18

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作者 | JiekeXu

来源 | JiekeXu之路（ID: JiekeXu_IT）

转载请联系授权 | (微信ID：xxq1426321293)

大家好，我是 JiekeXu,很高兴又和大家见面了，今天分享下 Oracle 19c 之 RPM 包安装初体验。本文首发于微信公众号【JiekeXu之路】，欢迎点击上方蓝字关注我吧！

Oracle 自18c 开始，便已经提供Linux 环境单机的 rpm 安装方式，不过仅支持单实例安装，不支持集群，也只有企业版，其他版本的没有发布，不过有2.5 G 大小。

昨天在墨天轮数说里，看到恩墨盖总发的 Oracle 数据库的产品支持生命周期又有更新了。大概是说Oracle 19c 的支持期继续延展了，这样相当于有七年的支持时间，可以获得技术支持和补丁支持，是目前最值得安装的版本。12c、18c、20c 这些都是过渡版本，生命周期比较短暂。Oracle 20c 原计划今年 6 月发布但也尚未浮出水面，估计因为疫情的影响，Oracle 20c 今年极有可能不做正式发布了，随着 OOW 大会的临近，Oracle 21c 的信息即将会展示出来，敬请期待吧。

原文 Release Schedule of Current Database Releases (Doc ID 742060.1) 于 2020.6.16 日更新了，有账号的伙伴可以去查看。

安装检查过程

下面根据官方文档一起看看安装过程和检查步骤

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/ladbi/index.html

首先操作系统版本要求 Oracle Linux7.4、RedHat 7.5 或者 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server12 SP3以上版本，我这里的版本是 RedHat 7.4 勉强可以凑合安装，Linux 6 已经不在支持范围内了。

检查磁盘空间，Linux 企业版需要至少 7.2 G 的空间

更多环境检查步骤请查看上文官方文档链接即可，下面来看看软件下载。

软件下载

在 Oracle 官网上便可以轻松下载如下软件包，你只需要注册一个账号即可，如果你没有账号，不知道怎么下载，没关系，我这里下载好了，公众号[ID:JiekeXu_IT]后台回复【19cRPM包下载】即可获得。

https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle19c-linux-downloads.html

如果你的系统是Oracle Linux 平台，直接

yum -y installoracle-database-preinstall-19c

如果不是OracleLinux 平台，首先要下载对应平台的RPM，我这里用的是RedHat7.4，下载链接地址 https://oss.oracle.com/ol7/SRPMS-updates/ 搜索 -19c 即可找到，下载最新的即可。也可使用如下地址 https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/index.html

使用最新的即可，当然你也可以选择下载这里的 Oracle Linux 操作系统，注册Oracle 账号即可从如下网址下载软件。

https://edelivery.oracle.com/osdc/faces/SoftwareDelivery

检查基础环境配置

然后将软件包一起上传至服务器 soft 目录。

[root@localhost soft]# ll
total 524244
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 271761408 Jun 1722:18 oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     19552 Jun 17 22:10oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost soft]#
[root@localhost soft]# rpm -ivhoracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning:oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
       bc is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
       bind-utils is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
       compat-libcap1 is needed byoracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
       libaio-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
       libstdc++-devel is needed byoracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
       nfs-utils is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
       psmisc is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
       smartmontools is needed byoracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
       unzip is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
       xorg-x11-utils is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
       xorg-x11-xauth is needed byoracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost soft]#

如上使用 rpm 安装时需要很多依赖包，所以这里改用 yum 安装方式，首先配置 yum 源，我这里使用本地 yum 源的方式，将光盘传至本地 media 目录下，新建配置 etc/yum.repos.d/test.repo 文件如下，具体配置步骤就不用说了,前面有一篇文章专门介绍了可以点此查看[Linux 挂载光盘镜像配置本地 yum 源安装软件]，大家可随意选择合适自己的安装方式即可。

第一步：preinstall 包安装

[root@localhost soft]# yum installoracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm -y
Loaded plugins: product-id,search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with anentitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Examiningoracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm:oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64
Marking oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpmto be installed
Resolving Dependencies
………………（省略安装信息）…………
Installed:
 oracle-database-preinstall-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-2.el7                                                                                                              


Dependency Installed:
 bc.x86_64 0:1.06.95-13.el7              bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.9.4-50.el7      bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.9.4-50.el7      compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-7.el7  
 gssproxy.x86_64 0:0.7.0-4.el7           keyutils.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7         libXinerama.x86_64 0:1.1.3-2.1.el7     libXmu.x86_64 0:1.1.2-2.el7         
 libXrandr.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el7          libXt.x86_64 0:1.1.5-3.el7            libXv.x86_64 0:1.0.11-1.el7            libXxf86dga.x86_64 0:1.1.4-2.1.el7  
 libXxf86misc.x86_64 0:1.0.3-7.1.el7     libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7  libbasicobjects.x86_64 0:0.1.1-27.el7  libcollection.x86_64 0:0.6.2-27.el7 
 libdmx.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7             libevent.x86_64 0:2.0.21-4.el7        libini_config.x86_64 0:1.3.0-27.el7    libnfsidmap.x86_64 0:0.25-17.el7    
 libpath_utils.x86_64 0:0.2.1-27.el7      libref_array.x86_64 0:0.1.5-27.el7     libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-16.el7   libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.4-0.10.el7    
 libverto-libevent.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7  mailx.x86_64 0:12.5-16.el7            nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.48.el7      psmisc.x86_64 0:22.20-15.el7        
 quota.x86_64 1:4.01-14.el7              quota-nls.noarch 1:4.01-14.el7        rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-42.el7          smartmontools.x86_64 1:6.2-8.el7    
 tcp_wrappers.x86_64 0:7.6-77.el7        unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-16.el7              xorg-x11-utils.x86_640:7.5-22.el7      xorg-x11-xauth.x86_641:1.0.9-1.el7 


Complete!

安装 19c 数据库软件

然后直接使用 yum 命令安装 19c 数据库软件

第二步：database 软件安装

[root@localhost soft]# yum installoracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos,subscription-manager
This system is not registered with anentitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Examiningoracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm: oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64
Marking oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpmto be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Packageoracle-database-ee-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution


Dependencies Resolved


==================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                    Arch                       Version                     Repository                                                Size
==================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 oracle-database-ee-19c                     x86_64                     1.0-1                      oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                    6.9 G


Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package


Totalsize: 6.9 G
Installedsize: 6.9 G
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 Installing : oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                           1/1
[INFO] Executing post installationscripts...
[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully andready to be configured.
To configure a sample Oracle Database youcan execute the following service configuration script as root:/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure
 Verifying  :oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                           1/1


Installed:
 oracle-database-ee-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-1                                                                                                                           


Complete!

[INFO] Executing post installation scripts... [INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured. To configure a sample Oracle Database you can execute the following service configuration script as root: /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure

如上信息，执行完脚本 Oracle home 配置安装完成，发现 oracle 用户也创建成功了，然后便使用 etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c 文件可以配置一个模板数据库。那么我们看一下这个文件内容都有啥？

首先看到提示 RedHat or SuSE 需要配置 etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c，继续看一下这个文件内容呢？

[root@localhost opt]# more/etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c.conf
#This is a configuration file to setup theOracle Database.
#It is used when running'/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB configure'.
#Please use this file to modify the defaultlistener port and the
#Oracle data location.


# LISTENER_PORT: Database listener
LISTENER_PORT=1521


# ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION: Database oradatalocation
ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/oradata


# EM_EXPRESS_PORT: Oracle EM Expresslistener
EM_EXPRESS_PORT=5500

可以看到这个文件就是配置监听端口、EM 端口号以及数据文件位置，默认为 /opt/oracle/oradata可按照自己机器实际情况修改，我这里将其修改为 /u01/app/oracle/oradata，然后建立目录赋权，如果上图中的实例名、数据库名均不需要改动的话，直接按照提示使用root 运行以下命令

/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure

配置实例即可，约 10 分钟左右即可完成。

[root@localhost soft]# mkdir -p u01/app/oracle/oradata
[root@localhost soft]# chown -Roracle:oinstall u01/app/oracle/oradata
[root@localhost soft]# chmod -R 775 u01/app/oracle/oradata

我这里在折腾一下修改数据库名和实例名试试，简单的将其 CDB 名修改为 JiekeCDB， PDB 名字修改为 JiekePDB，其他不做改变，如下所示：

[root@localhost soft]# cp etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19cdb_ORCLCDB-19c_bak
[root@localhost init.d]# ll oracle*
-rwx------ 1 root root  1281 Mar 12 02:22oracle-database-preinstall-19c-firstboot
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10017 Apr 18  2019 oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10017 Jun 18 00:43oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c_bak
[root@localhostinit.d]# mv etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c etc/init.d/oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c
[root@localhostinit.d]# vi /etc/init.d/oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c

配置数据库

注意：这里修改了 SID 导致找不到 /etc/sysconfig/下的配置文件，那么需要修改或配置对应的文件名 oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c.conf。然后配置数据库，查看这个脚本文件 oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c 中间部分，其实就是静默创建实例，需要耐心等待10 分钟左右。

[root@localhost init.d]#/etc/init.d/oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c configure
The Oracle Database is not configured.Unable to read the configuration file'/etc/sysconfig/oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c.conf'
[root@localhost init.d]#
[root@localhost init.d]# cp /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c.conf /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c.conf
 
[root@localhost init.d]#/etc/init.d/oracledb_JiekeCDB-19c configure
Configuring Oracle Database JiekeCDB.
Prepare for db operation
8% complete
Copying database files
31% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
32% complete
36% complete
40% complete
43% complete
46% complete
Completing Database Creation
51% complete
54% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
58% complete
77% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For detailscheck the logfiles at:
 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/JiekeCDB.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:JiekeCDB
System Identifier(SID):JiekeCDB
Look at the log file"/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/JiekeCDB/JiekeCDB.log" for furtherdetails.
 
Database configuration completedsuccessfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them byconnecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user.

使用 oracle 用户登陆数据库，需要简单配置环境变量！

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/oradata
exportORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=JiekeCDB
exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

连接和简单应用

[oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bashrc
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
JiekeCDB
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
/u01/app/oracle/oradata
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
 
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Productionon Thu Jun 18 14:58:53 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
 
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise EditionRelease 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
 
SQL>
SQL> select inst_id,INSTANCE_NAME,statusfrom gv$instance;
 
  INST_ID INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
---------- ---------------- ------------
        1 JiekeCDB         OPEN
SQL> show pdbs
 
   CON_ID CON_NAME                      OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
        2 PDB$SEED                      READ ONLY  NO
        3 JIEKEPDB                      READ WRITE NO
SQL> show con_id
 
CON_ID
------------------------------
1
SQL>
SQL> alter session setcontainer=JIEKEPDB;   --切换到PDB
 
Session altered.
 
SQL> show pdbs
 
   CON_ID CON_NAME                      OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
        3 JIEKEPDB                      READ WRITE NO
SQL> sho con_id
 
CON_ID
------------------------------
3

配置 glogin 文件以及 TNS 修改 sys/system密码直接连接到 PDB。

SYS@JiekeCDB>
SYS@JiekeCDB> alter user sys identifiedby oracle;
 
User altered.
 
SYS@JiekeCDB> alter user systemidentified by oracle;
 
User altered.
 
SYS@JiekeCDB> quit
[oracle@localhost JIEKECDB]$ sqlplussys/oracle@JIEKEPDB as sysdba
 
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Productionon Thu Jun 18 21:25:49 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise EditionRelease 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SYS@JIEKEPDB> show pdbs
 
   CON_ID CON_NAME                      OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
        3 JIEKEPDB                      READ WRITE NO
SYS@JIEKEPDB> select name from v$datafile;
 
NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/JIEKECDB/JiekePDB/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/JIEKECDB/JiekePDB/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/JIEKECDB/JiekePDB/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/JIEKECDB/JiekePDB/users01.dbf
 
SYS@JIEKEPDB>

其他应用及配置可参考以前一篇 12c 相关的文章[Oracle 12CR2 安装配置与基础学习]，这里就不多说了，怎么样？RPM 包安装还是很方便吧，不用图形化、配置监听等，简单多了，和19c 倡导自治数据库不谋而和，基本上实现了一键安装.

参考链接

https://www.eygle.com/archives/2018/10/oracle_18c_orclcdb_install.html

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/ladbi/operating-system-checklist-for-oracle-database-installation-on-linux.html#GUID-E5C0A90E-7750-45D9-A8BC-C7319ED934F0

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