操作场景
在测试环境下，用户可以用通过以下方式进行数字证书测试。在客户的运行环境中，请使用从CA认证中心申请的数字证书。
前提条件
Linux环境安装了openssl组件。
自认证证书生成过程
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搭建CA环境。
--假设用户为omm已存在,搭建CA的路径为test --以root用户身份登录Linux环境,切换到用户omm mkdir test cd /etc/ssl --copy 配置文件openssl.cnf到test下 cp openssl.cnf ~/test cd ~/test --到test文件夹下，开始搭建CA环境 --创建文件夹demoCA./demoCA/newcerts./demoCA/private mkdir ./demoCA ./demoCA/newcerts ./demoCA/private chmod 777 ./demoCA/private --创建serial文件,写入01 echo '01'>./demoCA/serial --创建文件index.txt touch /home/omm/test/demoCA/index.txt --修改openssl.cnf配置文件中的参数 dir = /home/omm/test/demoCA default_md = sha256 --至此CA环境搭建完成 -
生成根私钥。
--生成CA私钥 openssl genrsa -aes256 -out demoCA/private/cakey.pem 2048 Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus .................+++ ..................+++ e is 65537 (0x10001) --设置根私钥的保护密码，最少要求4个字符，假设为Test@123 Enter pass phrase for demoCA/private/cakey.pem: --再次输入私钥密码 Test@123 Verifying - Enter pass phrase for demoCA/private/cakey.pem: -
生成根证书请求文件。
``` --生成CA根证书申请文件server.req openssl req -config openssl.cnf -new -key demoCA/private/cakey.pem -out demoCA/careq.pem Enter pass phrase for demoCA/private/cakey.pem: --输入根私钥密码 Test@123 You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
--以下名称请牢记，生成服务器证书和客户端证书时填写的信息需要与此处的一致 Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:shanxi Locality Name (eg, city) []:xian Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:Abc Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:hello --Common Name可以随意命名 Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:world --Email可以选择性填写 Email Address []:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: ```
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生成自签发根证书。
``` --生成根证书时，需要修改openssl.cnf文件，设置basicConstraints=CA:TRUE vi openssl.cnf --生成CA自签发根证书 openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -out demoCA/cacert.pem -keyfile demoCA/private/cakey.pem -selfsign -infiles demoCA/careq.pem Using configuration from openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for demoCA/private/cakey.pem: --输入根私钥密码 Test@123 Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Validity Not Before: Feb 28 02:17:11 2017 GMT Not After : Feb 28 02:17:11 2018 GMT Subject: countryName = CN stateOrProvinceName = shanxi organizationName = Abc organizationalUnitName = hello commonName = world X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE Netscape Comment: OpenSSL Generated Certificate X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: F9:91:50:B2:42:8C:A8:D3:41:B0:E4:42:CB:C2:BE:8D:B7:8C:17:1F X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:F9:91:50:B2:42:8C:A8:D3:41:B0:E4:42:CB:C2:BE:8D:B7:8C:17:1F
Certificate is to be certified until Feb 28 02:17:11 2018 GMT (365 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated --至此CA根证书自签发完成，根证书demoCA/cacert.pem。 ```
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生成服务端证书私钥。
--生成服务器私钥文件server.key openssl genrsa -aes256 -out server.key 2048 Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .......++++++ ..++++++ e is 65537 (0x10001) Enter pass phrase for server.key: --服务器私钥的保护密码，最少要求4个字符，假设为Test@123 Verifying - Enter pass phrase for server.key: --再次确认服务器私钥的保护密码，即为Test@123 -
生成服务端证书请求文件。
``` --生成服务器证书请求文件server.req openssl req -config openssl.cnf -new -key server.key -out server.req Enter pass phrase for server.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
--以下填写的信息与创建CA时的信息一致 Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:shanxi Locality Name (eg, city) []:xian Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:Abc Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:hello --Common Name可以随意命名 Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:world Email Address []: --以下信息可以选择性填写 Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: ```
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生成服务端证书。
``` --生成服务端/客户端证书时，修改openssl.cnf文件，设置basicConstraints=CA:FALSE vi openssl.cnf --修改demoCA/index.txt.attr中属性为no。 vi demoCA/index.txt.attr
--对生成的服务器证书请求文件进行签发，签发后将生成正式的服务器证书server.crt openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -in server.req -out server.crt -days 3650 -md sha256 Using configuration from /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./demoCA/private/cakey.pem: Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 2 (0x2) Validity Not Before: Feb 27 10:11:12 2017 GMT Not After : Feb 25 10:11:12 2027 GMT Subject: countryName = CN stateOrProvinceName = shanxi organizationName = Abc organizationalUnitName = hello commonName = world X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE Netscape Comment: OpenSSL Generated Certificate X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: EB:D9:EE:C0:D2:14:48:AD:EB:BB:AD:B6:29:2C:6C:72:96:5C:38:35 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:84:F6:A1:65:16:1F:28:8A:B7:0D:CB:7E:19:76:2A:8B:F5:2B:5C:6A
Certificate is to be certified until Feb 25 10:11:12 2027 GMT (3650 days) --选择y对证书进行签发 Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
--选择y，证书签发结束 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated ```
去掉私钥密码保护，方法如下：
--去掉服务器私钥的密码保护 openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key --如果不去掉服务器私钥的密码保护需要使用gs_guc工具对存储密码进行加密保护 gs_guc encrypt -M server -K Test@123 -D ./ --gs_guc加密后会生成server.key.cipher,server.key.rand两个私钥密码保护文件 -
客户端证书，私钥的生成。
生成客户端证书和客户端私钥的方法和要求与服务器相同。
--生成客户端私钥 openssl genrsa -aes256 -out client.key 2048 --生成客户端证书请求文件 openssl req -config openssl.cnf -new -key client.key -out client.req --对生成的客户端证书请求文件进行签发，签发后将生成正式的客户端证书client.crt openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -in client.req -out client.crt -days 3650 -md sha256去掉私钥密码保护，方法如下：
--去掉客户端私钥的密码 openssl rsa -in client.key -out client.key --如果不去掉客户端私钥的密码保护需要使用gs_guc工具对存储密码进行加密保护 gs_guc encrypt -M client -K Test@123 -D ./ gs_guc加密后会生成client.key.cipher,client.key.rand两个私钥密码保护文件。将客户端密钥转化为DER格式，方法如下：
openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -outform DER -in client.key -out client.key.pk8 -nocrypt -
吊销证书列表的生成。
如果需要吊销列表，可按照如下方法生成：
--首先创建crlnumber文件 echo '00'>./demoCA/crlnumber --吊销服务器证书 openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -revoke server.crt --生成证书吊销列表sslcrl-file.crl openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -gencrl -out sslcrl-file.crl
