Oracle 11gR2静默安装

1、检查系统：

查看系统版本号：

[root@oracle-demo ~]# uname -m

x86_64

2、安装Oracle数据库需要的软件依赖包：

[root@oracle-demo ~]# yum -y install binutils gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel numactl-devel elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-33 xterm

检查是否已安装。

[root@oracle-demo ~]# rpm -q binutils gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel numactl-devel elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-33 xterm

package compat-libstdc++ is not installed会显示这个没安装，系统版本问题，可忽略，

3、修改内核参数：

[root@oracle-demo ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

追加以下内容

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.shmall = 268435456

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 4194304

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

执行生效：

[root@oracle-demo ~]# sysctl -p

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.shmall = 268435456

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 4194304

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

[root@oracle-demo ~]#

4、对oracle用户设置限制，提高软件运行性能：

[root@oracle-demo ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

追加以下内容

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft stack 10240

[root@oracle-demo ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

追加以下内容

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

5、关闭防火墙和SELINUX，需要重启生效：

[root@oracle-demo ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service && systemctl disable firewalld.service

[root@oracle-demo ~]# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config

[root@oracle-demo ~]# reboot

6、创建运行oracle数据库的系统用户和用户组：

用root账号登录，运行下面命令，创建所需的用户和用户组

[root@oracle-demo ~]# groupadd -g 30001 oinstall

[root@oracle-demo ~]# groupadd -g 30002 dba

[root@oracle-demo ~]# groupadd -g 30003 oper

[root@oracle-demo ~]# useradd -u 31001 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

[root@oracle-demo ~]# echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@oracle-demo ~]# id oracle

uid=31001(oracle) gid=30001(oinstall) groups=30001(oinstall),30002(dba),30003(oper)

[root@oracle-demo ~]# groups oracle

oracle : oinstall dba oper

[root@oracle-demo ~]# 

7、创建oracle数据库的安装目录（分配权限）

[root@oracle-demo ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

[root@oracle-demo ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1

[root@oracle-demo ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory

[root@oracle-demo ~]# mkdir -p /u01/database

[root@oracle-demo ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

[root@oracle-demo ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01

8、开启X server访问权限

[root@oracle-demo ~]# xhost +

9、安装pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm

[root@oracle-demo ~]# rz

[root@oracle-demo ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop  Documents  Downloads  initial-setup-ks.cfg  Music  pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm  Pictures  Public  Templates  Videos

[root@oracle-demo ~]# rpm -i --force --nodeps pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm

warning: pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 73307de6: NOKEY

[root@oracle-demo ~]# rm pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm 

rm: remove regular file ‘pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm’? y

[root@oracle-demo ~]#

10、配置用户环境变量

su - oracle

[oracle@oracle-demo ~]$ vim .bash_profile 

追加以下内容

export PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.4/db_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export ORACLE_SID=TEST

export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"

执行马上生效：

[oracle@oracle-demo ~]$ . .bash_profile 

[oracle@oracle-demo:/home/oracle]$exit

logout

10、改host

[root@oracle-demo ~]# echo "192.168.18.20 oracle-demo">> /etc/hosts

11、上传文件到/u01/database/目录中并解压，可以用SFTP上传，步骤不详细说明。

[root@oracle-demo database]# su - oracle

Last login: Tue Apr 28 15:06:17 CST 2020 on pts/0

[oracle@oracle-demo:/home/oracle]$cd /u01/database/

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database]$ls

p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip  p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database]$unzip -q p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip 

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database]$unzip -q p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip 

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database]$rm  p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip 

rm: remove write-protected regular file ‘p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip’? y

rm: remove write-protected regular file ‘p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip’? y

12、配置oracle安装的rsp文件

编辑静默安装脚本

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database]$cd /u01/database/database/response

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database/database/response]$cp db_install.rsp db_install.rsp.bak

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database/database/response]$vim db_install.rsp

先清空文件内容，再追加以下内容，一开始只设置了部分参数，但是好奇怪没法安装，后面才指定模板所有选项。

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle-demo

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false

oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=

oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=TEST

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=TEST

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=Alex_1518

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true //估计是bug，不设为true没法安装。

PROXY_HOST=

PROXY_PORT=

PROXY_USER=

PROXY_PWD=

PROXY_REALM=

COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=

oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=

oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=

AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database]$cd /u01/database/database

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database/database/response]$./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /u01/database/database/response/db_install.rsp

正常安装，成功后显示以下信息，需要在root用户下执行

As a root user, execute the following script(s):

1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/root.sh

##新开了一个窗口执行

[root@oracle-demo ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@oracle-demo ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/root.sh

Check /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/install/root_oracle-demo_2020-06-04_09-58-20.log for the output of root script

[root@oracle-demo ~]#

13、静默配置监听

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database/database/response]$ls

dbca.rsp  db_install.rsp  db_install.rsp.bak  netca.rsp

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database/database/response]$cp netca.rsp netca.rsp.bak

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database/database/response]$netca -silent -responseFile /u01/database/database/response/netca.rsp

##查看下监听端口

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database/database/response]$netstat -tnulp | grep 1521

(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info

 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)

tcp6       0      0 :::1521                 :::*                    LISTEN      17922/tnslsnr

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database/database/response]$

14、dbca静默建库

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database/database/response]$cp dbca.rsp dbca.rsp.bak

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database/database/response]$ls

dbca.rsp  dbca.rsp.bak  db_install.rsp  db_install.rsp.bak  netca.rsp  netca.rsp.bak

##编辑dbca静默建库文件

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database/database/response]$vim dbca.rsp

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME = "TEST"

SID = "TEST"

TEMPLATENAME = "New_Database.dbt"

SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"

SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"

DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"

DATAFILEDESTINATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata

RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area

CHARACTERSET= "AL32UTF8"

TOTALMEMORY= "1638"

##开始安装

[oracle@oracle-demo:/u01/database/database/response]$dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /u01/database/database/response/dbca.rsp