适用范围

Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 10.1.0.2 and later

问题概述

Oracle数据库无法启动，报错如下所示，

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3123322880 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257312 bytes
Variable Size             721423968 bytes
Database Buffers         2382364672 bytes
Redo Buffers               17276928 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure
ORA-00702: bootstrap verison '' inconsistent with version '8.0.0.0.0'
Process ID: 23144
Session ID: 191 Serial number: 3


SQL> 

问题原因

### 1. 使用bbed检查 bootstrap$信息
BBED> p dba 1,520 ktetb
struct ktetb[0], 8 bytes                    @108     
   ub4 ktetbdba                             @108      0x00400209
   ub4 ktetbnbk                             @112      0x00000007

BBED> set dba 1,521 
        DBA             0x00400209 (4194825 1,521)

BBED> 


BBED> p dba 1,521 *kdbr[0]
rowdata[6877]
-------------
ub1 rowdata[6877]                           @8167     0x3c

BBED> p dba 1,521 *kdbr[1]
rowdata[6740]
-------------
ub1 rowdata[6740]                           @8030     0x3c

BBED> p dba 1,521 *kdbr[2]
rowdata[6351]
-------------
ub1 rowdata[6351]                           @7641     0x3c

BBED> p dba 1,521 *kdbr[3]
rowdata[6151]
-------------
ub1 rowdata[6151]                           @7441     0x3c

BBED> p dba 1,521 *kdbr[4]
rowdata[5768]
-------------
ub1 rowdata[5768]                           @7058     0x3c

BBED> 

### 2. 行标志位解释
“3c”表示该行被删除。
Thevalues for the row flag are:
#defineKDRHFK 0x80 Cluster  K ey #defineKDRHFC 0x40  C lustered table member
#defineKDRHFH 0x20  H ead piece of row
#defineKDRHFD 0x10  D eleted row
#defineKDRHFF 0x08  F irst data piece
#defineKDRHFL 0x04  L ast data piece
#defineKDRHFP 0x02 First column continues from  P revious piece
#defineKDRHFN 0x01 Last column continues in  N ext piece

### 3. 分析结论
1). 非官方途径下载的数据库软件
2). 破解版plsql/toad运维工具
数据库软件被注入恶意代码，定期删除数据库基表 bootstrap$

解决方案

### 1. 恢复bootstrap$基表数据
从其它正常环境copy 1号数据文件到该服务器，并配置bbed参数如下所示，
BBED> info
 File#  Name                                                        Size(blks)
 -----  ----                                                        ----------
     1  /oradata/orcl/system01.dbf                                       94720    <-- 异常文件
     2  /oradata/orcl/bak_tab/system01.dbf                                   0    <-- 正常文件

BBED> 
BBED> p dba 2,520 ktetb                     
struct ktetb[0], 8 bytes                    @108     
   ub4 ktetbdba                             @108      0x00400209
   ub4 ktetbnbk                             @112      0x00000007  <-- block#: 520,后面7个blocks为数据块
BBED> p dba 2,521 kdbh.kdbhnrow
sb2 kdbhnrow                                @70       24     <-- 521块内有24条记录
BBED> p dba 2,522 kdbh.kdbhnrow
sb2 kdbhnrow                                @70       21     <-- 522块内有21条记录
BBED> p dba 2,523 kdbh.kdbhnrow
sb2 kdbhnrow                                @70       15     <-- 523块内有15条记录
BBED> p dba 2,524 kdbh.kdbhnrow
BBED-00400: invalid blocktype (00)                           <-- 未使用该块，块未初始化
BBED>
### 2. copy正常数据块
copy dba 2,521 to dba 1,521
copy dba 2,522 to dba 1,522
copy dba 2,523 to dba 1,523

### 3. 修改数据库参数禁用trigger及自动任务
*._system_trig_enabled=false
*.job_queue_processes=0
### 4. 启动数据库
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 3123322880 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257312 bytes
Variable Size             721423968 bytes
Database Buffers         2382364672 bytes
Redo Buffers               17276928 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> 
### 5. 建议逻辑导出使用官方软件重建数据库

参考文档

OERR: ORA-702 "bootstrap verison '%s' inconsistent with version '%s'" Reference Note (Doc ID 18492.1)