ora19c主一备一ADG搭建
一、环境搭建
主机 | IP |
---|---|
ora19 | 192.168.56.101 |
ora19std | 192.168.56.102 |
主库–安装数据库软件,安装实例
主库安装数据库软件
物理环境
系统:redhat7.9
内存:8G
存储:100G
挂载点 | 大小 |
---|---|
/ | 30G |
/u01 | 30G |
/boot | 1G |
/tmp | 10G |
swap | 20G |
/var | 剩余 |
防火墙:关闭
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
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selinux:关闭
vi /etc/selinux.config SELINUX=disabled
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yum源配置:
## 挂载镜像
mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom
## 编辑yum源文件
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
vi yum.repo
[base]
name=base
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[root@redhat yum.repos.d] yum clean all
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准备阶段
安装相关软件:
## 安装常用软件
yum install -y vim tree net-tools unzip
## 安装Oracle依赖包
yum install -y binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 glibc glibc.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 ksh libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libX11 libX11.i686 libXau libXau.i686 libXi libXi.i686 libXtst libXtst.i686 libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel.i686 libxcb libxcb.i686 make nfs-utils net-tools smartmontools sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel gcc gcc-c++ libXext libXext.i686 zlib-devel zlib-devel.i686
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用户与组:
## 创建oinstall、dba组与oracle用户
groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
useradd -u 9999 -g oinstall -G dba oracle
## 设置oracle用户密码
echo "oracle:oracle" | chpasswd
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修改内核参数:
## 修改内核参数文件
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
## add for oracle
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
EOF
## 使其生效
/sbin/sysctl -p
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资源限制:
cat >> /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf <<EOF
* soft nproc 4096
root soft nproc unlimited
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle hard memlock 134217728
oracle soft memlock 134217728
EOF
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配置用户环境变量:
su - oracle
vi ~/.bash_profile
## 加入以下配置到文件尾
#日志存放位置
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
#主机名
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ora19
#库名称
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
#库名称
export ORACLE_SID=oracle
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
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创建相关文件目录:
mkdir /u01/app mkdir /u01/app/oracle mkdir /u01/app/oradata mkdir /u01/app/archive mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/ chmod -R 775 /u01/app/
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设置hosts文件:
vi /etc/hosts 192.168.56.101 ora19
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安装Oracle软件
下载Oracle安装文件:
下载地址
上传文件到服务器,并将压缩包授权给oracle后用oracle用户解压到$ORACLE_HOME文件夹下
cd /tmp
chown oracle:oinstall *.zip
su - oracle
cd /tmp
unzip *.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME
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编辑db_install.rsp:
cd $ORACLE_HOME/install/response
cp db_install.rsp /tmp
vim /tmp/db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=oracle
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静默安装Oracle软件:
cd $ORACLE_HOME
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /tmp/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/root.sh
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配置监听:
cat >>/tmp/netca.rsp <<EOF
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="19.0"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}
EOF
netca -silent -responseFile /tmp/netca.rsp
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主库安装数据库实例
dbca.rsp:
vim /tmp/dbca.rsp gdbName=oracle sid=oracle sysPassword=oracle oracleHomeUserPassword=oracle templateName=General_Purpose.dbc emExpressPort=5500 totalMemory=1500 datafileDestination=/u01/app/oradata characterSet=ZHS16GBK nationalCharacterSet=AL16UTF16 databaseType=OLTP
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静默安装:
dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /tmp/dbca.rsp
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检查状态:
## 数据库状态
select name,db_unique_name,open_mode from v$database;
## 实例状态
select instance_name,status from v$instance;
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备库–安装数据库软件,不安装实例
备库安装数据库软件
与主库安装数据库软件基本一致
环境变量:
vi ~/.bash_profile
## 加入以下配置到文件尾
#日志存放位置
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
#主机名
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ora19std
#库名称
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=oraclestd
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
#库名称
export ORACLE_SID=oraclestd
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
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hostname:
hostnamectl set-hostname ora19std
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db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=oraclestd
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二、主库配置
1. 开启归档
查看oracle归档状态:
archive log list
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关闭数据库:
shutdown immediate;
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启动数据库至mount状态:
startup mount;
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修改归档位置:
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/archive';
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/u01/app/archive用于存放归档文件的目录,如果在系统中不存在需要建立并授权给oracle用户
启用归档模式和强制归档:
alter database archivelog;
alter database force logging;
alter database open;
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查看修改后的归档状态:
archive log list;
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切换在线日志,验证归档是否正常:
alter system switch logfile;
!ls /u01/app/archive
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2. redo日志
查询现有redo日志的数量:
select group#,type,member from v$logfile;
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查询现有redo日志的容量:
select group#,bytes/1024/1024 as MB,status from v$log;
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创建standby日志组:
容量要和redo相同,数量是redo当前数量+1
alter database add standby logfile
group 6 ('/u01/app/oradata/ORACLE/standby_redo04.log') size 200m reuse,
group 7 ('/u01/app/oradata/ORACLE/standby_redo05.log') size 200m reuse,
group 8 ('/u01/app/oradata/ORACLE/standby_redo06.log') size 200m reuse,
group 9 ('/u01/app/oradata/ORACLE/standby_redo07.log') size 200m reuse;
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确认状态:
select group#,status,used from v$standby_log;
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3. 文件传输
口令文件:
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
cp orapworacle /tmp/orapworaclestd
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参数文件:
sqlplus / as sysdba
create pfile from spfile;
exit
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vim initoracle.ora
#数据库唯一名称
*.db_unique_name='oracle'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(oracle,oraclestd)'
#fal_client填写本机数据库唯一名称
*.fal_client='oracle'
#fal_server填写对端的数据库唯一名称,多个备库时此处可以填写多个用逗号间隔
*.fal_server='oraclestd'
#本地归档文件路径
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/archive valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=oracle'
#远程归档文件传输给的服务名和数据库唯一名称
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=oraclestd lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=oraclestd'
#建议归档日志改为arc结尾,避免被误删
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
#路径转换原则,本机的路径在后面,远程的路径放前面;路径映射应该成对出现,一个路径不能对应多个,要逐一进行映射;数据文件分散在多个路径时用逗号间隔;格式要严格一致,要么都加'/',要么都不加
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oradata/ORACLESTD/','/u01/app/oradata/ORACLE/'
#redo日志多路复写时记得增加映射路径
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oradata/ORACLESTD/','/u01/app/oradata/ORACLE/'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
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启用新的参数文件:
备份之前的spfile
create pfile='/tmp/spfile.bak' from spfile;
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启用新的
shutdown immeidate;
create spfile from pfile;
startup;
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传输文件到备库:
scp /tmp/orapworaclestd oracle@ora19std:/tmp
scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initoracle.ora oracle@ora19std:/tmp/initoraclestd.ora
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4. tns 配置
cat tnsnames.ora ORACLE = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora19)(PORT = 1522)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = oracle) ) ) LISTENER_ORACLE = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora19)(PORT = 1522)) ORACLESTD = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora19std)(PORT = 1522)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = oraclestd) ) )
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5. 静态监听
特别注意:ORACLE_HOME的路径的db_home1后面不要有’/’,不然会导致sqlplus sys/oracle@oracle as sysdba报错ORA-12537
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora19std)(PORT = 1522)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1522)) ) ) SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = oraclestd) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1) (SID_NAME = oraclestd) ) )
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6. 监听重载
lsnrctl reload
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7. 网络连接测试
tnsping oracle tnsping oraclestd
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三、备库配置
1. 文件处理
cd /tmp cp orapworaclestd initoraclestd.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
修改参数文件
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/oraclestd/adump'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oradata/ORACLESTD/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oradata/ORACLESTD/control02.ctl'
*.db_unique_name='oraclestd'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(oracle,oraclestd)'
*.fal_client='oraclestd'
*.fal_server='oracle'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/archive valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=oraclestd'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=oracle lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=oracle'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oradata/ORACLESTD/','/u01/app/oradata/ORACLE/'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oradata/ORACLESTD/','/u01/app/oradata/ORACLE/'
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2. 启动备库到nomount
export ORACLE_SID=oraclestd
sqlplus / as sysdba
create spfile from pfile;
startup nomount;
# 修改参数standby_file_management
alter system set standby_file_management=MANUAL;
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3. tns 配置
cat tnsnames.ora ORACLE = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora19)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = oracle) ) ) LISTENER_ORACLE = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora19)(PORT = 1521)) ORACLESTD = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora19std)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = oraclestd) ) )
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4. 静态监听
特别注意:ORACLE_HOME的路径的db_home1后面不要有’/’,不然会导致sqlplus sys/oracle@oracle as sysdba报错ORA-12537
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora19std)(PORT = 1522)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1522)) ) ) SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = oraclestd) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1) (SID_NAME = oraclestd) ) )
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5. 监听重载
lsnrctl reload
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6. 网络连接测试
tnsping oracle tnsping oraclestd sqlplus sys/oracle@oracle as sysdba sqlplus sys/oracle@oraclestd as sysdba
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四、构建备库
主库执行
登录到rman:
connected状态,主库显示DBID
,备库为not mounted
状态是正确的
rman target sys/oracle@oracle auxiliary sys/oracle@oraclestd
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构建备库:
run {
allocate channel ch001 type disk;
allocate channel ch002 type disk;
allocate channel ch003 type disk;
allocate channel ch004 type disk;
allocate auxiliary channel ch005 type disk;
allocate auxiliary channel ch006 type disk;
duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck using compressed backupset;
release channel ch001;
release channel ch002;
release channel ch003;
release channel ch004;
release channel ch005;
release channel ch006;
}
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备库执行
查询备库状态是否已经mount:
select open_mode from v$database;
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打开备库:
alter database open;
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检查文件:
select name from v$datafile;
select name from v$tempfile;
select group#,type,member from v$logfile order by 2,1;
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开启日志应用:
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;
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检查数据同步状态:
通过判断transport lag
和apply lag
两个参数的DATUM_TIME
值来判断备库是否在应用主库的日志文件
如果多次查询DATUM_TIME
值保持不变,则说明备库已经停止从主库接收数据了
select name,value,TIME_COMPUTED,DATUM_TIME
from v$dataguard_stats;
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检查MRP进程状态:
select process,status from v$managed_standby;
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查看数据库打开状态:
READ ONLY WITH APPLY代表ADG启动成功
select open_mode from v$database;
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