学习目标
掌握openGauss的用户和角色管理。
课程学习
使用create user创建的用户与使用create role创建的用户的区别在于,前者可以直接连接登录数据库,而使用create role创建的用户不能直接登录到数据库。必须添加LOGIN权限后,才能登录到数据库管理系统。
删除用户,首先需要将用户拥有的数据库对象转移或者删除。
1.环境准备
创建一个名叫test_tbs的表空间和一个名叫testdb的数据库:
gsql -r
CREATE TABLESPACE test_tbs RELATIVE LOCATION ‘tablespace/test_tbs1’;
CREATE DATABASE testdb WITH TABLESPACE = test_tbs;
2.使用create user创建用户
使用create user创建的用户,具有登录权限。
–创建一个名叫user1的数据库用户,其密码为kunpeng@1234,并将数据库testdb所有的权限都授予用户user1:
CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY ‘kunpeng@1234’;
GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb TO user1;
–执行下面的gsql元命令,查看系统目前有哪些数据库:
\l
–执行下面的gsql元命令,查看系统目前有哪些用户:
\du
\q
–用刚刚创建的数据库用户user1登录到数据库testdb
gsql -d testdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
\q
3.使用create role创建用户
使用create role命令创建的用户user2,没有登录权限。
–创建一个新的名叫user2的角色,并将数据库testdb所有的权限都授予用户user2:
用户user2对数据库testdb具有的权限和用户user1一模一样。
gsql -r
CREATE ROLE user2 IDENTIFIED BY ‘kunpeng@1234’;
GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb TO user2;
–查看当前openGauss数据库集群由哪些用户:
\du
\q
–使用用户user2尝试登录到数据库testdb:
gsql -d testdb -U user2 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
gsql: FATAL: role “user2” is not permitted to login
原因:
由于数据库用户user2是使用create role语句创建的,目前还不被允许登录到openGauss数据库管理系统。
4.授予用户user2登录权限后:
授予用户user2登录权限后,可以登录数据库
gsql -r
alter user user2 LOGIN;
\du
\q
–现在我们已经授予了user2用户登录数据库的权限,可以正常登录数据库testdb:
gsql -d testdb -U user2 -W kunpeng@1234 -r
\q
删除用户和角色
删除用户,首先需要将用户拥有的数据库对象转移或者删除,回收权限。
– 授予用户user2数据库超级用户的权限:
gsql -r
ALTER USER user2 SYSADMIN;
–使用用户user2登录到数据库testdb,创建表空间test_tbs1、数据库testdb、表test1和表test2:
\c testdb user2
CREATE TABLESPACE test_tbs1 RELATIVE LOCATION ‘tablespace/test_tbs11’;
CREATE DATABASE testdb WITH TABLESPACE = test_tbs1;
CREATE TABLE test1(col int);
CREATE TABLE test2(col int);
\q
–执行如下的命令,删除用户user2:
gsql -r
drop user user2;
ERROR: role “user2” cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
DETAIL: owner of database testdb
owner of tablespace test_tbs1
privileges for database testdb
2 objects in database testdb
###可以看出不能删除用户user2的原因是:
1)用户user2拥有数据库testdb。
2)用户user2拥有表空间对象test_tbs1。
3)用户user2对数据库testdb具有权限。
4)用户user2在数据库testdb中有两个对象。
–要删除用户user2,必须先表空间对象和数据库对象的属主修改为其他的用户(如user1用户),或者干脆将其删除:
alter database testdb owner to user1;
alter tablespace test_tbs1 owner to user1;
–回收用户user2对testdb数据库的权限:
REVOKE ALL ON DATABASE testdb FROM user2;
–在testdb中属于用户user2的数据库对象的处理方法可以是:假如该对象还有用,可以将该对象转移给其他用户;假如该对象没有用,可以直接删除掉该对象
–假设表test1已经没有用了,我们可以删除表test1:
\c testdb user2
drop table test1;
–假设表test2还有用将表test2转移给用户user1:
REASSIGN OWNED BY user2 to user1;
\dt
\q
–执行删除用户的操作,可以删除user2用户
gsql -r
drop user user2;
\du
课程作业
1、创建test10_tbs的表空间,在这个表空间中创建数据库testdb10。
su - omm gsql -r CREATE TABLESPACE test10\_tbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test10\_tbs1'; CREATE DATABASE testdb10 WITH TABLESPACE = test10\_tbs; \\l \\db root@modb:~# su - omm omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# \\l List of databases Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges \-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+------------------- omm | omm | UTF8 | C | C | postgres | omm | UTF8 | C | C | template0 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm template1 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm (4 rows) omm=# CREATE TABLESPACE test10\_tbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test10\_tbs1'; CREATE TABLESPACE omm=# CREATE DATABASE testdb10 WITH TABLESPACE = test10\_tbs; CREATE DATABASE omm=# \\l List of databases Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges \-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+------------------- omm | omm | UTF8 | C | C | postgres | omm | UTF8 | C | C | template0 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm template1 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm testdb10 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | (5 rows) omm=# \\db List of tablespaces Name | Owner | Location \------------+-------+------------------------ pg\_default | omm | pg\_global | omm | test10\_tbs | omm | tablespace/test10\_tbs1 (3 rows)
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2、使用create user创建用户user10,登录数据库testdb10,创建测试表t1和t2。
CREATE USER user10 IDENTIFIED BY 'mygstest@1234'; GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb10 TO user10; ALTER USER user10 SYSADMIN; \\q gsql -d testdb10 -U user10 -W mygstest@1234 -r create table t1(product\_id INTEGER,product\_name Char(20),category Char(30)); insert into t1 values(1502,'olympus camera','electrncs'),(1601,'lamaze','toys'),(1700,'wait interface','Books'),(1666,'harry potter','toys'); select \* from t1; create table t2(product\_id INTEGER,product\_name Char(20),category Char(30)); insert into t2 values(1502,'olympus camera','electrncs'),(1601,'lamaze','toys'),(1700,'wait interface','Books'),(1666,'harry potter','toys'); select \* from t2; omm=# CREATE USER user10 IDENTIFIED BY 'mygstest@1234'; NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure. omm=# CREATE ROLE omm=# GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb10 TO user10; GRANT omm=# ALTER USER user10 SYSADMIN; ALTER ROLE omm=# \\q omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10 -U user10 -W mygstest@1234 -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. testdb10=> create table t1(product\_id INTEGER,product\_name Char(20),category Char(30)); CREATE TABLE testdb10=> create table t2(product\_id INTEGER,product\_name Char(20),category Char(30)); CREATE TABLE testdb10=> insert into t1 values(1502,'olympus camera','electrncs'),(1601,'lamaze','toys'),(1700,'wait interface','Books'),(1666,'harry potter','toys'); INSERT 0 4 testdb10=> insert into t2 values(1502,'olympus camera','electrncs'),(1601,'lamaze','toys'),(1700,'wait interface','Books'),(1666,'harry potter','toys'); testdb10=> INSERT 0 4 testdb10=> select \* from t1; product\_id | product\_name | category \------------+----------------------+-------------------------------- 1502 | olympus camera | electrncs 1601 | lamaze | toys 1700 | wait interface | Books 1666 | harry potter | toys (4 rows) testdb10=> select \* from t2; product\_id | product\_name | category \------------+----------------------+-------------------------------- 1502 | olympus camera | electrncs 1601 | lamaze | toys 1700 | wait interface | Books 1666 | harry potter | toys (4 rows) testdb10=>
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3、使用create role创建角色role10,登录数据库testdb10。
gsql -r CREATE ROLE role10 IDENTIFIED BY 'mygstest@1234'; GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb10 TO role10; \--使用用户role10尝试登录到数据库testdb10: gsql -d testdb10 -U role10 -W mygstest@1234 -r \\q gsql -r alter user role10 LOGIN; \\du omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# CREATE ROLE role10 IDENTIFIED BY 'mygstest@1234'; NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure. CREATE ROLE omm=# GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb10 TO role10; GRANT omm=# \\q omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10 -U role10 -W mygstest@1234 -r gsql: FATAL: role "role10" is not permitted to login omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# alter user role10 LOGIN; ALTER ROLE omm=# \\q omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10 -U role10 -W mygstest@1234 -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. testdb10=> \\q omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# \\du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of \-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +----------- gaussdb | Sysadmin | {} omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {} role10 | | {} user10 | Sysadmin | {}
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4、将表t1直接删除,将前面创建的表空间和数据库、表t2转给role10,删除用户user10。
gsql -d testdb10 -U role10 -W mygstest@1234 -r drop table t1; REASSIGN OWNED BY user10 to role10; \--要删除用户role10,必须先表空间对象和数据库对象的属主修改为其他的用户(如user10用户),或者干脆将其删除: alter database testdb10 owner to role10; alter tablespace test10\_tbs owner to role10; \--回收用户user10对testdb10数据库的权限: REVOKE ALL ON DATABASE testdb10 FROM user10; drop user user10; omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10 -U role10 -W mygstest@1234 -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. testdb10=> drop table t1; DROP TABLE testdb10=>\\dt List of relations Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage \--------+------+-------+--------+---------------------------------- public | t2 | table | user10 | {orientation=row,compression=no} (1 row) testdb10=> REASSIGN OWNED BY user10 to role10; REASSIGN OWNED testdb10=> \\dt List of relations Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage \--------+------+-------+--------+---------------------------------- public | t2 | table | role10 | {orientation=row,compression=no} (1 row) omm=# \\q omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# alter database testdb10 owner to role10; ALTER DATABASE omm=# alter tablespace test10\_tbs owner to role10; ALTER TABLESPACE omm=# REVOKE ALL ON DATABASE testdb10 FROM user10; REVOKE omm=# drop user user10; DROP ROLE
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5、最后删除role10。
su - omm gsql -r drop database testdb10; drop tablespace test10\_tbs; drop role role10; root@modb:~# su - omm omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. Invalid command \\su. Try \\? for help. omm=# \\du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of \-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +----------- gaussdb | Sysadmin | {} omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {} role10 | Sysadmin | {} omm=# drop role role10; ERROR: role "role10" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it DETAIL: owner of tablespace test10\_tbs owner of database testdb10 1 object in database testdb10 omm=# drop database testdb10; DROP DATABASE omm=# drop tablespace test10\_tbs; DROP TABLESPACE omm=# drop role role10; DROP ROLE
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