openGauss每日一练第19天 | 用户和角色管理

原创张猛 2022-12-12

554

学习目标

掌握openGauss的用户和角色管理。

使用create user创建的用户与使用create role创建的用户的区别在于，前者可以直接连接登录数据库，而使用create role创建的用户不能直接登录到数据库。必须添加LOGIN权限后，才能登录到数据库管理系统。
删除用户，首先需要将用户拥有的数据库对象转移或者删除。

1、创建test10_tbs的表空间，在这个表空间中创建数据库testdb10

omm@modb:~$ gsql -r 
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.


omm=# create tablespace test10_tbs relative location 'tablespace/test10_tbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=#
omm=# create database testdb10 with tablespace=test10_tbs;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=#

omm=# \l
                          List of databases
   Name    | Owner | Encoding  | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+-------+-----------+---------+-------+-------------------
 omm       | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     |
 postgres  | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     |
 template0 | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 template1 | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 testdb10  | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     |
(5 rows)


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2、使用create user创建用户user10，登录数据库testdb10，创建测试表t1和t2

--创建一个名叫user10的数据库用户，登录数据库testdb10，创建测试表t1和t2
omm=# create user user10 identified by 'aabb@123';
CREATE ROLE
omm=# grant all on database testdb10 to user10;
GRANT
omm=# grant all privileges to user10;      --需要加授权 all privileges才可
ALTER ROLE

--执行下面的gsql元命令，查看系统目前有哪些数据库：
omm=# \l
                          List of databases
   Name    | Owner | Encoding  | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+-------+-----------+---------+-------+-------------------
 omm       | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     |
 postgres  | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     |
 template0 | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 template1 | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 testdb10  | omm   | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =Tc/omm          +
           |       |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm      +
           |       |           |         |       | user10=CTc/omm   +
           |       |           |         |       | user10=APm/omm
(5 rows)

--执行下面的gsql元命令，查看系统目前有哪些用户：


omm=# \du
                                                              List of roles
 Role name |                                                    Attributes                                                    | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
 john      | Sysadmin                                                                                                         | {}
 omm       | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
 user10    | Sysadmin                                                                                                         | {}


--用刚刚创建的数据库用户user10登录到数据库testdb10
omm=# \c testdb10 user10
Password for user user10:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "testdb10" as user "user10".
testdb10=> create table t1(col int);
CREATE TABLE
testdb10=> create table t2(col int);
CREATE TABLE
testdb10=>


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3、使用create role创建角色role10，登录数据库testdb10

--创建一个新的名叫role10的角色，登录数据库testdb10:

omm=#  create role role10 identified by 'aabb@123';
CREATE ROLE
omm=#  grant all on database testdb10 to role10;
GRANT
                 
 
--查看数据库用户,role10显示为Cannot login：
omm=# \du
                                                              List of roles
 Role name |                                                    Attributes                                                    | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
 john      | Sysadmin                                                                                                         | {}
 omm       | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
 role10    | Cannot login                                                                                                     | {}
 user10    | Sysadmin                                                                                                         | {}

--使用用户role10尝试登录到数据库testdb10,提示无法登录数据库：
omm=# \c testdb10 role10
Password for user role10:
FATAL:  role "role10" is not permitted to login
Previous connection kept
omm=#

-- 授予用户role10数据库超级用户的权限：
omm=# alter user role10 login;
ALTER ROLE
omm=#

--使用用户role10登录到数据库testdb
omm=# \c testdb10 role10
Password for user role10:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "testdb10" as user "role10".
testdb10=>
testdb10=>

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4、将表t1直接删除，将前面创建的表空间和数据库、表t2转给role10，删除用户user10

--登录 user10,删除t1 
omm=# \c testdb10 user10
Password for user user10:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "testdb10" as user "user10".
testdb10=> \dt
                         List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  | Owner  |             Storage
--------+------+-------+--------+----------------------------------
 public | t1   | table | user10 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | t2   | table | user10 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)

testdb10=> drop table t1;
DROP TABLE
testdb10=>

--将前面创建的表空间和数据库、表t2转给role10，删除用户user10
testdb10=> alter database testdb10 owner to role10;
ALTER DATABASE
testdb10=> alter tablespace test10_tbs owner to role10;
ALTER TABLESPACE
testdb10=> alter table t2 owner to role10;
ALTER TABLE
testdb10=> \dt
                         List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  | Owner  |             Storage
--------+------+-------+--------+----------------------------------
 public | t2   | table | role10 | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)

testdb10=> \l
                          List of databases
   Name    | Owner  | Encoding  | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+--------+-----------+---------+-------+-------------------
 omm       | omm    | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     |
 postgres  | omm    | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     |
 template0 | omm    | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |        |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 template1 | omm    | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |        |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 testdb10  | role10 | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =Tc/role10       +
           |        |           |         |       | role10=CTc/role10+
           |        |           |         |       | user10=CTc/role10+
           |        |           |         |       | user10=APm/role10+
           |        |           |         |       | role10=APm/role10
(5 rows)

testdb10=> \db
             List of tablespaces
    Name    | Owner  |        Location
------------+--------+------------------------
 app_ts     | omm    | tablespace/app_ts1
 enmtbs     | omm    | tablespace/enmtbs_01
 myindex_ts | omm    | tablespace/myindex_ts1
 pg_default | omm    |
 pg_global  | omm    |
 test10_tbs | role10 | tablespace/test10_tbs1
(6 rows)

testdb10=> \c omm omm
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "omm" as user "omm".
omm=# drop user user10 cascade;  --删除用户user10
DROP ROLE
omm=# \l
                  List of databases
   Name    | Owner  | Encoding  | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+--------+-----------+---------+-------+-------------------
 omm       | omm    | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     |
 postgres  | omm    | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     |
 template0 | omm    | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |        |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 template1 | omm    | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |        |           |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 testdb10  | role10 | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =Tc/role10       +
           |        |           |         |       | role10=CTc/role10+
           |        |           |         |       | role10=APm/role10
(5 rows)

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5、最后删除role10

--执行删除用户的操作,可以删除role10用户
omm=# drop user role10;
ERROR:  role "role10" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it
DETAIL:  owner of tablespace test10_tbs
owner of database testdb10
1 object in database testdb10
直接删除有报错提示。

--依次删除表、数据库、表空间，再删除role10即可。
omm=# \c testdb10 role10
Password for user role10:
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "testdb10" as user "role10".
testdb10=> drop table t2;
DROP TABLE
testdb10=> \c omm omm
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "omm" as user "omm".
omm=# drop database testdb10;
DROP DATABASE
omm=# drop tablespace test10_tbs;
DROP TABLESPACE
omm=# drop user role10;
DROP ROLE
omm=# \du
                                                              List of roles
 Role name |                                                    Attributes                                                    | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
 omm       | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}

omm=#
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