openGauss每日一练第20天 | openGauss数据库的逻辑备份与恢复

原创落笔花生 2022-12-13

722

学习目标

掌握openGauss数据库的逻辑备份和恢复技术。

课程学习

1.为逻辑备份准备环境

--创建逻辑备份的存储目录：
root@modb:~# su - omm
omm@modb:~$ mkdir /var/lib/opengauss/backup
--创建备份恢复用户，需要具有super或者sysadmin权限
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# create user test identified by 'huawei@1234' sysadmin;
NOTICE:  The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
--创建恢复测试数据库testdb
omm=# create tablespace test_tbs relative location 'atblespace/test_tbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# create database testdb with tablespace = test_tbs ;
CREATE DATABASE
--在omm数据库上，创建测试表test、test2：
omm=# create table test(col int);
CREATE TABLE
omm=# create table test2(col int);
CREATE TABLE
omm=# \q--查看数据
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d omm -c "\dt"
                         List of relations
 Schema | Name  | Type  | Owner |             Storage              
--------+-------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
 public | test  | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | test2 | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)

2.逻辑备份和恢复案例1（sql格式）
逻辑备份，使用gs_dump备份数据库，生成sql文件：

--使用test用户，备份数据库omm：
omm@modb:~$ gs_dump -U test -W huawei@1234  omm -F p -f /var/lib/opengauss/backup/backup.sql
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 14:02:30]: The total objects number is 413.
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 14:02:30]: [100.00%] 413 objects have been dumped.
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 14:02:30]: dump database omm successfully
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 14:02:30]: total time: 1437  ms逻辑恢复：
--使用用户test，执行用gs_dump生成的sql脚本，将数据恢复到testdb数据库中：
omm@modb:~$  gsql -d testdb   -U test  -W huawei@1234  -f /var/lib/opengauss/backup/backup.sql
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
CREATE SCHEMA
ALTER SCHEMA
SET
SET
SET
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
REVOKE
REVOKE
GRANT
GRANT
total time: 17  ms

恢复验证：

--验证数据库omm的备份已经被恢复到数据库testdb：
--源库（备份的数据库）：
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d omm    -c "\dt"
                         List of relations
 Schema | Name  | Type  | Owner |             Storage              
--------+-------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
 public | test  | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | test2 | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)
--新库（恢复的数据库）：
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb   -U test   -W huawei@1234 -c "\dt"
                         List of relations
 Schema | Name  | Type  | Owner |             Storage              
--------+-------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
 public | test  | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | test2 | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)

3.openGauss数据库逻辑备份和恢复案例2（dump格式）
逻辑备份：使用gs_dump备份数据库，生成归档格式的备份文件

--创建测试数据
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# create table test3(col int);
omm=# CREATE TABLE

omm=# create table test4(col int);
CREATE TABLE
omm=# \q
--使用test用户，备份omm数据库，生成归档格式的备份文件:
omm@modb:~$ gs_dump -U test -W huawei@1234  omm -F p -f /var/lib/opengauss/backup/backup.dump
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 16:20:41]: The total objects number is 417.
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 16:20:41]: [100.00%] 417 objects have been dumped.
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 16:20:41]: dump database omm successfully
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 16:20:41]: total time: 1536  ms

逻辑恢复：

--使用gs_dump生成的归档文件恢复数据库
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb   -U test  -W huawei@1234  -f /var/lib/opengauss/backup/backup.dump
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
gsql:/var/lib/opengauss/backup/backup.dump:16: ERROR:  schema "test" already exists
ALTER SCHEMA
SET
SET
SET
gsql:/var/lib/opengauss/backup/backup.dump:34: ERROR:  relation "test1" already exists in schema "public"
DETAIL:  creating new table with existing name in the same schema
ALTER TABLE
gsql:/var/lib/opengauss/backup/backup.dump:46: ERROR:  relation "test2" already exists in schema "public"
DETAIL:  creating new table with existing name in the same schema
ALTER TABLE
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
REVOKE
REVOKE
GRANT
GRANT
total time: 22  ms

恢复验证：

--源库（备份的数据库）：
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d omm    -c "\dt"
                         List of relations
 Schema | Name  | Type  | Owner |             Storage              
--------+-------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
 public | test1 | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | test2 | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | test3 | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | test4 | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(4 rows)
--新库（恢复的数据库）：
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb   -U test   -W huawei@1234 -c "\dt"
                         List of relations
 Schema | Name  | Type  | Owner |             Storage              
--------+-------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
 public | test1 | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | test2 | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | test3 | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | test4 | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(4 rows)

课程作业

1.逻辑备份和恢复案例1:使用sql格式进行备份和恢复omm数据库

root@modb:~# su - omm
omm@modb:~$ mkdir /var/lib/opengauss/bachup
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# create user test identified by 'kunpeng@1234' sysadmin;
NOTICE:  The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# create tablespace test_tbs relative location 'tablespace/test_tbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# create database testdb with tablespace = test_tbs ;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=# create table t1(col int);
CREATE TABLE
omm=# create table t2(col int);
CREATE TABLE
omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d omm -c "\dt"
                        List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  | Owner |             Storage              
--------+------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
 public | t1   | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | t2   | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)
omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# create user test identified by 'kunpeng@1234' sysadmin;
NOTICE:  The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure.
CREATE ROLE
omm=# create tablespace test_tbs relative location 'tablespace/test_tbs1';
CREATE TABLESPACE
omm=# create database testdb with tablespace = test_tbs ;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$ gs_dump -U test -W kunpeng@1234 omm -F p -f /var/lib/opengauss/bachup/backup.sql
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 16:40:59]: The total objects number is 413.
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 16:40:59]: [100.00%] 413 objects have been dumped.
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 16:40:59]: dump database omm successfully
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 16:40:59]: total time: 1483  ms
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb -U test -W kunpeng@1234 -f /var/lib/opengauss/bachup/backup.sql 
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
CREATE SCHEMA
ALTER SCHEMA
SET
SET
SET
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
REVOKE
REVOKE
GRANT
GRANT
total time: 23  ms
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d omm -c "\dt"
                        List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  | Owner |             Storage              
--------+------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
 public | t1   | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | t2   | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)

omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb -U test -W kunpeng@1234 -c "\dt"
                        List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  | Owner |             Storage              
--------+------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
 public | t1   | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | t2   | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)

2.逻辑备份和恢复案例2:使用dump格式进行备份和恢复omm数据库

omm@modb:~$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr  )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.

omm=# create table t3(col int);
CREATE TABLE
omm=# create table t4(col int);
omm=# CREATE TABLE
omm=# \q
omm@modb:~$  gs_dump -U test -W kunpeng@1234 omm -F p -f /var/lib/opengauss/bachup/backup.dump
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 17:07:31]: The total objects number is 417.
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 17:07:31]: [100.00%] 417 objects have been dumped.
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 17:07:31]: dump database omm successfully
gs_dump[port='5432'][omm][2022-12-13 17:07:31]: total time: 1683  ms
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb -U test -W kunpeng@1234 -f /var/lib/opengauss/bachup/backup.dump
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
gsql:/var/lib/opengauss/bachup/backup.dump:16: ERROR:  schema "test" already exists
ALTER SCHEMA
SET
SET
SET
gsql:/var/lib/opengauss/bachup/backup.dump:34: ERROR:  relation "t1" already exists in schema "public"
DETAIL:  creating new table with existing name in the same schema
ALTER TABLE
gsql:/var/lib/opengauss/bachup/backup.dump:46: ERROR:  relation "t2" already exists in schema "public"
DETAIL:  creating new table with existing name in the same schema
ALTER TABLE
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
REVOKE
REVOKE
GRANT
total time: 20  ms
GRANT
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d omm -c "\dt"
                        List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  | Owner |             Storage              
--------+------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
 public | t1   | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | t2   | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | t3   | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | t4   | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(4 rows)

omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb -U test -W kunpeng@1234 -c "\dt"
                        List of relations
 Schema | Name | Type  | Owner |             Storage              
--------+------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
 public | t1   | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | t2   | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | t3   | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
 public | t4   | table | omm   | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(4 rows)

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openGauss每日一练第20天 | openGauss数据库的逻辑备份与恢复

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