一、正常切换
1、主库
（1）、查看主库状态及角色
SQL> select name,database_role from v$database;
NAME DATABASE_ROLE
--------- ----------------
ORCL PRIMARY
SQL> select switchover_status from v$database;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
TO STANDBY
（2）、查看归档日志是否有中断
SQL> select status,gap_status from v$archive_dest_status where dest_id=2;
STATUS GAP_STATUS
--------- ------------------------
VALID NO GAP
（3）、提前查看备库状态
SQL> select switchover_status,name from v$database;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS NAME
-------------------- ---------
NOT ALLOWED ORCL
（4）、切换到备库，数据库会自动关闭，启动到mount状态
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
Database altered.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1258291200 bytes
Fixed Size 8620224 bytes
Variable Size 872417088 bytes
Database Buffers 369098752 bytes
Redo Buffers 8155136 bytes
Database mounted.
（5）、查询数据库状态及角色
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY
2、备库
（1）、查询数据库角色及状态
SQL> select name,database_role from v$database;
NAME DATABASE_ROLE
--------- ----------------
ORCL PHYSICAL STANDBY
SQL> select switchover_status from v$database;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
TO PRIMARY
（2）、切换到主库，此时是mount状态
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
（3）、开启数据库查询角色信息
SQL> select name,DATABASE_ROLE from v$database;
NAME DATABASE_ROLE
--------- ----------------
ORCL PRIMARY
3、新备库
（1）、打开数据库，查看数据库状态
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY
（2）、应用日志，查看数据库状态
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;sion;
Database altered.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY
