CentOS 8 安装 oracle 23c

环境准备

软件准备

安装操作系统

操作系统使用virtualbox虚拟机安装的centos8服务器，该步骤省略，教程很多的。

该环境是有网的，所以不设置yum源，如果是没网的内网环境，自行挂载镜像包作为yum源。

服务器使用的是ubuntu 22.04 上 Oracle VM VirtualBox 虚拟机安装的 CentOS 8 ，基于windows和基于linux安装虚拟机没有影响。

服务器的规格是： 2C4G

CentOS 8 采用最小化安装

修改主机名和配置hosts

是要设置的主机名: centos8

是主机的 IP: 10.0.2.15

设置主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname centos8 # 设置
hostname # 查看
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关闭防火墙与Selinux

防火墙和selinux按照需求关闭，我这是测试环境，索性关闭

关闭 selinux

sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
# 输入 getenforce 返回 Permissive 则是临时关闭状态，
# 重启后是 Disabled ，完全关闭状态。
getenforce
sestatus
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关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
# 查看是否关闭
systemctl status firewalld.service
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安装数据库

下面的安装步骤是在 root 下执行的

执行预安装

执行预安装

dnf -y install oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64.rpm
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安装的依赖具体内容如下：

bc
bind-libs
bind-libs-lite
bind-license
bind-utils
binutils
checkpolicy
compat-openssl10
fstrm
glibc-devel
glibc-headers
gssproxy
kernel-headers
keyutils
ksh
libICE
libSM
libX11
libX11-common
libX11-xcb
libXau
libXcomposite
libXext
libXi
libXinerama
libXmu
libXrandr
libXrender
libXt
libXtst
libXv
libXxf86dga
libXxf86misc
libXxf86vm
libdmx
libev
libmaxminddb
libnsl
libpkgconf
libverto-libev
libxcb
libxcrypt-devel
lm_sensors-libs
make
net-tools
nfs-utils
pkgconf
pkgconf-m4
pkgconf-pkg-config
policycoreutils-python-utils
protobuf-c
python3-audit
python3-bind
python3-libsemanage
python3-ply
python3-policycoreutils
python3-pyyaml
python3-setools
quota
quota-nls
rpcbind
smartmontools
sysstat
tar
unzip
xorg-x11-utils
xorg-x11-xauth
Installing
geolite2-city
geolite2-country
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可以在 /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-23c 目录下查看相关日志

安装Oracle 23c

使用安装命令：

dnf -y install oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
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创建和配置Oracle数据库服务实例

运行脚本：

/etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c configure
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输出：

[root@centos8 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c configure
Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:
Confirm the password:

Passwords do not match.  Enter the password:
Confirm the password:
Configuring Oracle Listener.
Listener configuration succeeded.
Configuring Oracle Database FREE.
Enter SYS user password:
**********
Enter SYSTEM user password:
**********
Enter PDBADMIN User Password:
************
Prepare for db operation
7% complete
Copying database files
29% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
30% complete
33% complete
36% complete
39% complete
43% complete
Completing Database Creation
47% complete
49% complete
50% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
54% complete
71% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
93% complete
Running Custom Scripts
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:FREE
System Identifier(SID):FREE
Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE/FREE.log" for further details.

Connect to Oracle Database using one of the connect strings:
     Pluggable database: centos8/FREEPDB1
     Multitenant container database: centos8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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设置oracle用户的环境配置

切换用户然后编辑 ~/.bash_profile

su - oracle
vi ~/.bash_profile
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文件最后添加变量

# oracle settings
export ORACLE_SID=FREE
export ORAENV_ASK=NO
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/23c/dbhomeFree
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
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刷新环境变量

source ~/.bash_profile
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简单使用

启动数据库

1、启动监听

lsnrctl start
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查看监听状态：

$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release on 09-MAY-2023 10:02:25

Copyright (c) 1991, 2023, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.0.2.15)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release
Start Date                09-MAY-2023 00:27:46
Uptime                    0 days 9 hr. 34 min. 39 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Default Service           FREE
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/23c/dbhomeFree/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/centos8/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.0.2.15)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "FREE" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "FREEXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "faf3c4adb9132c47e0550a0027434e0c" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "freepdb1" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

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2、启动数据库

使用sqlplus连接数据库后输入startup

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release on Tue May 9 10:06:07 2023
Version 23.2.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2023, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 23c Free, Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release
Version 23.2.0.0.0

SQL> startup;
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查询数据库信息

查看数据库版本信息：

SQL> SELECT BANNER_FULL FROM v$version;

BANNER_FULL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 23c Free, Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release
Version 23.2.0.0.0
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查询数据库和实例以及容器数据库信息

SQL> SELECT name, db_unique_name, log_mode, flashback_on, cdb FROM v$database;

NAME      DB_UNIQUE_NAME                 LOG_MODE     FLASHBACK_ON       CDB
--------- ------------------------------ ------------ ------------------ ---
FREE      FREE                           NOARCHIVELOG NO                 YES

SQL> SELECT instance_name, version, status, database_status FROM v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME    VERSION           STATUS       DATABASE_STATUS
---------------- ----------------- ------------ -----------------
FREE             23.0.0.0.0        OPEN         ACTIVE
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查看sga信息

SQL> SELECT * FROM v$sgainfo;

NAME                                  BYTES RES     CON_ID
-------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------
Fixed SGA Size                     10042432 No           0
Redo Buffers                        4530176 No           0
Buffer Cache Size                 436207616 Yes          0
In-Memory Area Size                       0 No           0
Shared Pool Size                  671088640 Yes          0
Large Pool Size                    16777216 Yes          0
Java Pool Size                            0 Yes          0
Streams Pool Size                         0 Yes          0
Shared IO Pool Size                67108864 Yes          0
Data Transfer Cache Size                  0 Yes          0
Granule Size                       16777216 No           0

NAME                                  BYTES RES     CON_ID
-------------------------------- ---------- --- ----------
Maximum SGA Size                 1155423296 No           0
Startup overhead in Shared Pool   235549832 No           0
Free SGA Memory Available          16777216              0

14 rows selected.

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创建测试用户和表

1、 查看当前连接

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
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2、查看有哪些可拔插数据库

SQL> show pdbs

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 FREEPDB1                       READ WRITE NO
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3、 进入可拔插数据库

SQL> alter session set container=FREEPDB1;

Session altered.

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
FREEPDB1
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4、 查看插拔数据库中有哪些表空间及其数据文件

SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_NAME, BYTES/1024/1024 MB FROM DBA_DATA_FILES;
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5、创建测试用户

SQL> create user testuser identified by 123456 default tablespace users;

User created.

SQL> GRANT connect, resource, unlimited tablespace to testuser;

Grant succeeded.

SQL>
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6、使用新建的测试用户连接可拔插数据库

$ sqlplus testuser/123456@10.0.2.15:1521/FREEPDB1

SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release on Tue May 9 11:20:07 2023
Version 23.2.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2023, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 23c Free, Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Developer-Release
Version 23.2.0.0.0

SQL>

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7、创建测试表

SQL> CREATE TABLE personnel (id NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT PK_EMP PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR2(20), age NUMBER(2));

Table created.

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8、增删改查数据

SQL> INSERT INTO personnel(id, name, age) VALUES(1, 'test1', 18);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO personnel(id, name, age) VALUES(2, 'test2', 19);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO personnel(id, name, age) VALUES(3, 'test3', 20);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO personnel(id, name, age) VALUES(4, 'test4', 21);

1 row created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM personnel;

        ID NAME                        AGE
---------- -------------------- ----------
         1 test1                        18
         2 test2                        19
         3 test3                        20
         4 test4                        21

SQL> DELETE FROM personnel WHERE id = 2;

1 row deleted.

SQL> SELECT * FROM personnel;

        ID NAME                        AGE
---------- -------------------- ----------
         1 test1                        18
         3 test3                        20
         4 test4                        21

SQL> UPDATE personnel SET name = 'testname' WHERE id = 3;

1 row updated.

SQL> SELECT * FROM personnel;

        ID NAME                        AGE
---------- -------------------- ----------
         1 test1                        18
         3 testname                     20
         4 test4                        21

SQL> truncate table personnel;

Table truncated.

SQL> SELECT * FROM personnel;

no rows selected

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9、删除表

SQL> drop table personnel;

Table dropped.
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10、删除用户

删除用户时，该用户必须没有连接，且用dba用户在创建用户的可拔插数据库下删除。

SQL>  drop user testuser;

User dropped.
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停止数据库

sqlplus连接数据库并停止

SQL> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
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sqlplus优化

使用历史命令

在使用默认sqlplus时，使用方向键上下左右时会报乱码。可使用readline和rlwrap解决。

下载安装readline

dnf -y install readline readline-devel
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下载安装rlwrap

wget https://github.com/hanslub42/rlwrap/releases/download/0.46.1/rlwrap-0.46.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf rlwrap-0.46.1.tar.gz
cd rlwrap-0.46.1
./configure
make
make install
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若缺少gcc、make之类的依赖自己安装一下即可。

使用：

rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba
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如果嫌弃这样麻烦，可以使用 alias 做重命名一下。把 alias 添加到.bash_profile 文件中。

su - oracle
echo "alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'" >> .bash_profile
source .bash_profile
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设置行列宽度

pagesize 默认是14，linesize 默认是80 。 为了 美观，我们一般根据自己的屏幕分辨率来设置。

SQL> show pagesize;
pagesize 14
SQL> show linesize;
linesize 80
SQL> set pagesize 40;
SQL> set linesize 200;
SQL> show pagesize;
pagesize 40
SQL> show linesize;
linesize 200
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卸载基于RPM安装的Oracle数据库

1、以安装所有者登录

su - oracle
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2、删除关联库

cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin 
./dbca
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3、删除关联侦听器

cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin 
./netca
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4、切换到 root，然后删除数据库

dnf -y remove oracle-database-free-23c
dnf -y remove oracle-database-preinstall-23c
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