原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/sheng-jie/p/8249660.html#autoid-4-3-0
.NET Core容器化@Docker
.NET Core容器化之多容器应用部署@Docker-Compose
.NET Core+MySql+Nginx 容器化部署
GitHub-Demo：Docker.NetCore.MySql
1. 引言
上两节我们通过简单的demo学习了docker的基本操作。这一节我们来一个进阶学习，完成ASP.NET Core + MySql + Nginx的容器化部署。
本文是基于CentOS 7.4环境进行演示，示例项目可以访问Docker.NetCore.MySql进行下载。
2. Hello MySQL
同样我们还是以循序渐进的方式来展开。首先来基于Docker来试玩一下MySQL。
2.1. 创建MySql实例
//拉取mysql镜像 docker pull mysql$ docker images$REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEdocker.io/mysql latest 7d83a47ab2d2 13 days ago 408.2 MB//创建一个mysql实例$ docker run --name hello.mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESe21bbd84e0b5 mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 3306/tcp hello.mysql
下面我们直接在容器中连接到我们刚刚创建的mysql数据库：
$ docker exec -it hello.mysql \ > mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.2. 挂载数据卷
上面创建的mysql实例其数据都在容器内部存储，这样就暴露了一个问题，如果容器销毁，那么对应的数据库数据就会丢失。那如何持久化存储容器内数据呢？我们可以通过挂载数据卷的方式来解决这一问题。
//创建数据卷 $ docker volume create --name hello.dbhello.db //查看数据卷信息 $ docker volume inspect hello.db [ { "Name": "hello.db", "Driver": "local", "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/hello.db/_data", "Labels": {}, "Scope": "local" } ] // 挂载数据卷启动MySql实例 $ docker run --name hello.mysql \> -v hello.db:/var/lib/mysql \ > -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
上面是使用使用了docker volume create
命令创建了一个数据卷，当然我们也可以自行挂载某个目录作为数据卷。
3. 准备.NET Core+EFCore+MySql项目
为了演示方便，我准备了一个ASP.NET Core+EFCore+MySql的示例项目。其结构如下所示：
是基于.NET Core Mvc模板项目，其中定义了一个Product
实体，并通过ProductsController
暴露WebApi接口。核心代码如下：
Product实体类：
public class Product{ public int ProductId { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public decimal Price { get; set; } public int StockQty { get; set; } }
DbContext类：
public class MySqlDbContext : DbContext{ public MySqlDbContext (DbContextOptions<MySqlDbContext> options) : base(options) { } public DbSet<Product> Products { get; set; } }
数据库初始化类：
public class DbInitializer{ public static void Initialize(MySqlDbContext context) { context.Database.EnsureCreated(); if (context.Products.Any()) { return; } var products = new Product[] { new Product{Name="iphone 6",Price=5000,StockQty=10 }, new Product{Name="iphone 7",Price=6000,StockQty=10 }, new Product{Name="iphone 7 plus",Price=7000,StockQty=10 }, new Product{Name="iphone x",Price=8000,StockQty=10 } }; context.Products.AddRange(products); context.SaveChanges(); } }
该数据库初始化类会在项目启动时运行。详细代码可参考Docker.NetCore.MySql。
4. 基于示例项目进行实操演练
4.1 安装Git并Clone示例项目
$ yum install git $ git --version git version 1.8.3.1$ cd ~/demo $ git clone https://github.com/yanshengjie/Docker.NetCore.MySql.gitCloning into 'Docker.NetCore.MySql'...remote: Counting objects: 155, done.remote: Compressing objects: 100% (125/125), done.remote: Total 155 (delta 42), reused 123 (delta 25), pack-reused 0Receiving objects: 100% (155/155), 534.30 KiB | 333.00 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (42/42), done.
4.2. 构建镜像
细心的你会发现，项目中已经定义了Dockerfile，所以我们可以直接使用docker build
构建镜像。
# cd Docker.NetCore.MySql[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# lsappsettings.Development.json docker-compose.yml Program.cs Viewsappsettings.json Dockerfile proxy.conf wwwrootbundleconfig.json Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj README.mdControllers LICENSE ScaffoldingReadMe.txtData Models Startup.cs //构建镜像# docker build -t docker.netcore.mysql .Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.045 MBStep 1 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:latest ---> 7d4dc5c258ebStep 2 : WORKDIR app ---> Using cache ---> 98d48a4e278cStep 3 : COPY . app ---> 6b1bf8bb5261Removing intermediate container b86460477977Step 4 : RUN dotnet restore ---> Running in 4e0a46f762bb Restoring packages for app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj... Installing Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor 2.0.0. ..... Restore completed in 216.83 ms for app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj. ---> 4df70c77916eRemoving intermediate container 4e0a46f762bbStep 5 : EXPOSE 5000 ---> Running in 11b421b3bd3e ---> 3506253060feRemoving intermediate container 11b421b3bd3eStep 6 : ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS http://*:5000 ---> Running in 201aabbab72c ---> 7f29963a8d96Removing intermediate container 201aabbab72cStep 7 : ENTRYPOINT dotnet run ---> Running in c79f73cba162 ---> 9d1fb6ee46cbRemoving intermediate container c79f73cba162Successfully built 9d1fb6ee46cb [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker images docker.netcore.mysqlREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEdocker.netcore.mysql latest 9d1fb6ee46cb 13 seconds ago 1.756 GB
4.3. 启动镜像并连接到指定数据库
docker提供了--link
参数用于在容器之间建立连接。下面我们实例化创建的镜像docker.netcore.mysql
并命名容器名为hello.netcore.mysql
，并使用--link参数与我们文章开头建立的hello.mysql
容器建立连接。
# docker run --name hello.netcore.mysql --link hello.mysql:db -d -p 5000:5000 docker.netcore.mysql
这里需要特别注意一下
--link=hello.mysql:db
，这个参数就是告诉Docker容器需要使用hello.mysql
容器，并将其别名命名为db，这样在hello.netcore.mysql
这个容器中就可以使用db来作为提供mysql数据库服务的服务器。这也就是为什么我们.NET Core项目中连接字符串设置为server=db;
的原因。"ConnectionStrings": { "MySql": "server=db;database=MySqlDbContext;uid=root;pwd=123456;" }
//查看运行中容器列表# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES5cbfd27ebe2a docker.netcore.mysql "dotnet run" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp hello.netcore.mysql4dfa4159b669 mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" About an hour ago Up About an hour 3306/tcp hello.mysql//访问api/products[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# curl http://localhost:5000/api/products[{"productId":1,"name":"iphone 6","price":5000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":2,"name":"iphone 7","price":6000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":3,"name":"iphone 7 plus","price":7000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":4,"name":"iphone x","price":8000.000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10}]
从上图可知，我们完成了.NET Core与MySql的连接。
5. ASP.NET Core + MySql + Nginx
结合上一篇文章.NET Core容器化之多容器应用部署@Docker-Compose，我们来使用docker-compose完成asp.net core + mysql + nginx的多容器部署。
5.1. 定义 docker-compose.yml
version: '2'services: db: container_name: hello.db environment: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456 volumes: - ./mysql:/var/lib/mysql web: container_name: hello.web build: . depends_on: - db links: - db reverse-proxy: container_name: hello.proxy image: nginx depends_on: - web ports: - "9090:8080" volumes: - ./proxy.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
其中定义了三个服务：
db：使用mysql镜像，并挂载当前项目下的mysql文件夹来持久化存储。
web：基于当前项目构建的容器服务，依赖于db服务。
reverse-proxy：使用nginx定义反向代理服务，其中挂载了当前项目下的proxy.conf文件作为反向代理配置文件。其中proxy.conf的配置如下（注意proxy_pass指定的url为http://web:5000)：
server {listen 8080;location { proxy_pass http://web:5000; } }
5.2. 启动Compose
在启动Compose之前，建议清空上面创建的容器。也可以使用docker rm $(docker ps -qa)
清除所有容器。
//启动compose [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker-compose up -dCreating network "dockernetcoremysql_default" with the default driverBuilding webStep 1 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:latest ---> 7d4dc5c258ebStep 2 : WORKDIR app ---> Using cache ---> 98d48a4e278cStep 3 : COPY . app ---> d41b32323c0fRemoving intermediate container 1259f5fb82bcStep 4 : RUN dotnet restore ---> Running in d482e355de77 Restoring packages for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj... Installing Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor 2.0.0. ..... Restore completed in 216.83 ms for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj. ---> a0658008f161Removing intermediate container d482e355de77Step 5 : EXPOSE 5000 ---> Running in dc6eeb29fd5e ---> a419314ece08Removing intermediate container dc6eeb29fd5eStep 6 : ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS http://*:5000 ---> Running in c1d1474b14a0 ---> 9cc13c549042Removing intermediate container c1d1474b14a0Step 7 : ENTRYPOINT dotnet run ---> Running in efdf0e857a84 ---> 830ac11428cfRemoving intermediate container efdf0e857a84Successfully built 830ac11428cfCreating hello.db ... doneCreating hello.web ... doneCreating hello.proxy ... doneCreating hello.web ...Creating hello.proxy ... [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES6253bf85682e nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 33 seconds ago Up 28 seconds 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->8080/tcp hello.proxyea553a9e22f2 dockernetcoremysql_web "dotnet run" 37 seconds ago Up 32 seconds 5000/tcp hello.weba1f5aa981bfb mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 38 seconds ago Up 36 seconds 3306/tcp hello.db [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker-compose ps Name Command State Ports----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hello.db docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Up 3306/tcphello.proxy nginx -g daemon off; Up 80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->8080/tcphello.web dotnet run Up 5000/tcp [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# curl http://localhost:9090/api/products [{"productId":1,"name":"iphone 6","price":5000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":2,"name":"iphone 7","price":6000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":3,"name":"iphone 7 plus","price":7000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{"productId":4,"name":"iphone x","price":8000.000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10}]
上面的运行结果显示，我们已经成功完成了ASP.NET Core+MySql+Nginx的多容器应用部署。通过浏览器访问http:<ipaddress>:9090/api/products
即可访问我们暴露的api。
5.3. 数据库验证
我们来验证一下数据库是否成功创建：
[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# ls mysqlauto.cnf client-key.pem ib_logfile0 performance_schema server-key.pem ca-key.pem MySqlDbContext ib_logfile1 private_key.pem sys ca.pem ib_buffer_pool ibtmp1 public_key.pem client-cert.pem ibdata1 mysql server-cert.pem [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker exec -it hello.db mysql -uroot -p123456mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases; +-----------------------+ | Database | +-----------------------+ | information_schema | | MySqlDbContext | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +-----------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use MySqlDbContext; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +---------------------------------+ | Tables_in_MySqlDbContext | +---------------------------------+ | Products | +---------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from Products; +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+ | ProductId | Name | Price | StockQty | +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+ | 1 | iphone 6 | 5000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 | | 2 | iphone 7 | 6000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 | | 3 | iphone 7 plus | 7000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 | | 4 | iphone x | 8000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 | +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从上面的运行结果可知，我们成功将项目文件夹下的mysql文件夹挂载到容器内部进行数据持久化。
6. 最后
本文通过先介绍如何基于Docker实例化MySQL容器，再介绍如何通过挂载数据卷来持久化MySQL数据，以及如何使用--Link参数进行容器之间的连接，完成了.NET Core连接MySQL数据库。
最后，使用Docker-Compose综合ASP.NET Core+MySQL+Nginx完成了容器化部署。
下一节我们来介绍下如何使用Docker-Swarm进行集群部署。
7. 参考资料
mysql -Docker Documentation
Hello Docker
.NET Core容器化@Docker
.NET Core容器化之多容器应用部署@Docker-Compose
作者：『圣杰』
出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/sheng-jie/
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