DataGuard是一种数据库级别的HA方案，最主要功能是冗灾、数据保护、故障恢复等。 在生产数据库的"事务一致性"时，使用生产库的物理全备份(或物理COPY)创建备库，备库会通过生产库传输过来的归档日志(或重做条目)自动维护备用数据库。将重做数据应用到备用库。本文介绍使用RMAN备份创建备库(dataguard).
一:环境
1.软件环境
操作系统Red Linux Enterprise as 5数据库版本Oracle 10g release 2
2.primary databae
IP:192.168.18.1ORACLE_SID=db1db_unique_name=db1
3.standby database
IP:192.168.18.2ORACLE_SID=standbydb_unique_name=standby
二,主数据库(db1)做准备
1.设置主数据库为Force logging
SQL> alter database force logging;、 |
2.创建密码文件
| cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwd file=orapwdb1 password=123456 force=y |
3.修改主库的初始化参数
| alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(db1,standby)' scope=both;alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/db1/arch' scope=both;alter system set db_unique_name='db1' scope=both; |
4.生成数据库备份
| RMAN> connect target sys/123456RMAN> backup database format='/oracle/rmanback/%d_%s.dbf' plus archivelog;[oracle@oracle rmanback]$ lsDB1_1.dbf DB1_2.dbf |
5.生成备库的control file
| SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as '/oracle/rmanback/ctontrl01.ctl |
6.配置listener.ora 和tnsnames.ora文件
启动lintener.ora,
| [oracle@oracle dbs]$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 14-JUN-2009 02:54:29Service "db1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "db1_XPT" has 1 instance(s). Instance "db1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully |
配置rnsnames.ora
| vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.oradb1 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.18.1)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = db1)standby = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.18.2)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = standby) ) ) |
三.创建standby database
1.设置环境变量并安装oracle软件
| #环境变量设成与主库一样#只安装软件不安装库./runInstaller –silent –responseFile tmp/installoracle.rsp |
2.建立相关的目录
| mkdir –p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/ORACLE_SIDmkdir adump bdump cdump dpdump udump |
3.建立密码文件
| cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwd file=orapwSID password=123456 force=y#注要密码要与主库的一样, 否则会归档失败 |
4.建立参数文件(pfile)
| db_name = standbyshared_pool_size = 120Mundo_management = AUTOundo_tablespace = undotbssga_max_size = 200Msga_target = 160Mdb_2k_cache_size = 4M standby_file_management=AUTOfal_server='db1'fal_client='standby'log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbs/arch'log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=db1 REOPEN=300'log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE' |
5.CP主数据库RMAN备份及控制文件到备库
注意:备份存放位置要与primary database RMAN备份文件的位置相同. 控制文件存放位置要与生成standby database controlfile的位置相同
| scp oracle/rmanback/*.dbf root@192.168.18.2:/oracle/rmanback/scp oracle/rmanback/*.ctl root@192.168.18.2:/oracle/oracle/oradata/standby/ |
6.利用备用的控制文件,把备用数据库启到mount
| SQL>connect / as sysdbaconnnpcted to an idle instance．SQL>startup nomount pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initstandby.oraSQL>alter database mount standby database； |
7. 配置listener.ora 和tnsnames.ora文件
与主库相同启动listener,tnsnames.ora也与主库配置的一样,当主备库的监听都启动后,进行测试,以例下面能顺利进行
| tnsping db1tnsping standbySQL> sqlplus sys/123456@db1SQL> sqlplus sys/123456@standby |
8.转储数据库
| RMAN>connect target /connected to target database：TEST(DBID=788075692)RMAN> restore database |
9.恢复数据库
| SQL>recover managed standby database disconnect from session；#如果有需要应用的日志并想手工应用，可以运行如下命令SQL>recover automatic standby database； |
10.检查standby database是否创建成功
1）.在primary database 上切换日志
| SQL> alter system switch logfile |
2）.在primary database上运行下面的语句
| SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;MAX(SEQUENCE#)-------------- 17 |
3）. 在standby database上运行下面的语句
| SQL> select sequence# ,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence#; SEQUENCE# APP--------------------- --- 15 YES 16 YES 17 YES |
若在上步中的max sequence#在的的app状态为YES说明standby database 成功创建.
11. 以spfile启动并设为只读
SQL> create spfile from pfile;SQL> shutdown immedaiteSQL> startup mountSQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;SQL> alter database open read only;
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