PostgreSQL 10 postgresql.conf 参数模板 - 珍藏级

digoal 2018-05-22

419

作者

digoal

日期

2018-05-22

背景

系统参数模板

《PostgreSQL on Linux 最佳部署手册 - 珍藏级》

PostgreSQL 10参数模板

```

-----------------------------

PostgreSQL configuration file

-----------------------------

This file consists of lines of the form:

name = value

(The "=" is optional.) Whitespace may be used. Comments are introduced with

"#" anywhere on a line. The complete list of parameter names and allowed

values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.

The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.

Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;

you need to reload the server.

This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP

signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the

server for the changes to take effect, run "pg_ctl reload", or execute

"SELECT pg_reload_conf()". Some parameters, which are marked below,

require a server shutdown and restart to take effect.

Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,

"postgres -c log_connections=on". Some parameters can be changed at run time

with the "SET" SQL command.

Memory units: kB = kilobytes Time units: ms = milliseconds

MB = megabytes s = seconds

GB = gigabytes min = minutes

TB = terabytes h = hours

d = days

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

FILE LOCATIONS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line

option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.

data_directory = 'ConfigDir' # use data in another directory

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.

external_pid_file = '' # write an extra PID file

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Connection Settings -

listen_addresses = '0.0.0.0' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
# comma-separated list of addresses;
# defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
# (change requires restart)

根据业务需求设定监听

port = 1921 # (change requires restart)

建议不要大于 200 * 四分之一物理内存(GB)，例如四分之一物理内存为16G，则建议不要超过3200.

(假设一个连接耗费5MB，实际上syscache很大时，可能更多)

《PostgreSQL relcache在长连接应用中的内存霸占"坑"》

max_connections = 2000 # (change requires restart)
superuser_reserved_connections = 13 # (change requires restart)

$PGDATA, /tmp中创建unix socket监听

unix_socket_directories = '/tmp,.' # comma-separated list of directories
# (change requires restart)

unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart)

除了OWNER和超级用户，其他用户无法从/tmp unix socket连接该实例

unix_socket_permissions = 0700 # begin with 0 to use octal notation
# (change requires restart)

bonjour = off # advertise server via Bonjour

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

- Security and Authentication -

authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s

ssl = off

ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL' # allowed SSL ciphers

ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on

ssl_ecdh_curve = 'prime256v1'

ssl_dh_params_file = ''

ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt'

ssl_key_file = 'server.key'

ssl_ca_file = ''

ssl_crl_file = ''

md5 or scram-sha-256 # 如果MD5会泄露，建议使用scram-sha-256，但是相互不兼容，请注意。

《PostgreSQL 10.0 preview 安全增强 - SASL认证方法之 scram-sha-256 安全认证机制》

password_encryption = md5

db_user_namespace = off

row_security = on

GSSAPI using Kerberos

krb_server_keyfile = ''

krb_caseins_users = off

- TCP Keepalives -

see "man 7 tcp" for details

tcp_keepalives_idle = 60 # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
tcp_keepalives_interval = 10 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
tcp_keepalives_count = 10 # TCP_KEEPCNT;
# 0 selects the system default

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Memory -

1/4 主机内存

shared_buffers = 24GB # min 128kB
# (change requires restart)

当不使用huge page，并且连接数大于3000时，建议shared buffer不要超过48G

建议shared buffer设置超过32GB时使用大页，页大小 /proc/meminfo Hugepagesize

huge_pages = try # on, off, or try
# (change requires restart)

temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB

如果用户需要使用两阶段提交，需要设置为大于0，建议与max_connections一样大

max_prepared_transactions = 0 # zero disables the feature

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

Caution: it is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless

you actively intend to use prepared transactions.

可以在会话中设置，如果有大量JOIN，聚合操作，并且期望使用hash agg或hash join。

可以设大一些，但是不建议大于四分之一内存除以最大连接数 .

(一条QUERY中可以使用多倍WORK_MEM，与执行计划中的NODE有关)

建议给一个输入，AP模式TP模式OR混合模式。三种模式使用三种不同的计算公式

work_mem = 8MB # min 64kB

min( 2G, (1/4 主机内存)/autovacuum_max_workers )

maintenance_work_mem = 2GB # min 1MB

replacement_sort_tuples = 150000 # limits use of replacement selection sort

autovacuum_work_mem = -1 # min 1MB, or -1 to use maintenance_work_mem

max_stack_depth = 2MB # min 100kB

dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix # the default is the first option
# supported by the operating system:
# posix
# sysv
# windows
# mmap
# use none to disable dynamic shared memory
# (change requires restart)

- Disk -

如果需要限制临时文件使用量，可以设置。

例如防止有异常的递归调用，无限使用临时文件。

temp_file_limit = -1 # limits per-process temp file space

                                    # in kB, or -1 for no limit
复制

- Kernel Resource Usage -

如果你的数据库有非常多小文件（比如有几十万以上的表，还有索引等，并且每张表都会被访问到时），

建议FD可以设多一些，避免进程需要打开关闭文件。

但是不要大于前面章节系统设置的ulimit -n(open files)

max_files_per_process=655360

max_files_per_process = 1000 # min 25

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

需要加载什么LIB，预先加载，对于经常访问的库也建议预加载，例如postgis

shared_preload_libraries = 'pg_stat_statements,auto_explain' # (change requires restart)

- Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -

vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0-100 milliseconds

vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits

vacuum_cost_page_miss = 5 # 0-10000 credits
vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 10 # 0-10000 credits

io很好，CPU核数很多的机器，设大一些

vacuum_cost_limit = 10000 # 1-10000 credits

- Background Writer -

bgwriter_delay = 10ms # 10-10000ms between rounds
bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 500 # 0-1000 max buffers written/round
bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 5.0 # 0-10.0 multiplier on buffers scanned/round

IO非常强悍的机器，可以考虑设置为0

bgwriter_flush_after = 512kB # measured in pages, 0 disables

- Asynchronous Behavior -

effective_io_concurrency = 0 # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching

wal sender, user 动态fork的process, parallel worker等都算作 worker process, 所以你需要设置足够大.

max_worker_processes = 128 # (change requires restart)

如果需要使用并行查询，设置为大于1 ，不建议超过主机cores-2

max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0 # taken from max_parallel_workers

如果需要使用并行查询，设置为大于1 ，不建议超过主机cores-2

必须小于 max_worker_processes

max_parallel_workers = 8 # maximum number of max_worker_processes that
# can be used in parallel queries

开启后有性能影响，但是如果你的系统中有不可预知的长事务，并且希望数据库不因长事务导致垃圾膨胀，则可以设置。

old_snapshot_threshold = -1 # 1min-60d; -1 disables; 0 is immediate

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

backend_flush_after = 0 # measured in pages, 0 disables

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WRITE AHEAD LOG

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Settings -

需要物理备库设置为replica，需要逻辑订阅或逻辑备库则设置为logical

wal_level = replica # minimal, replica, or logical
# (change requires restart)

fsync = on # flush data to disk for crash safety

                                    # (turning this off can cause  
                                    # unrecoverable data corruption)
复制

如果双节点，设置为ON，如果是多副本，同步模式，建议设置为remote_write。

如果磁盘性能很差，并且是OLTP业务。可以考虑设置为off降低COMMIT的RT，提高吞吐(设置为OFF时，可能丢失部分XLOG RECORD)

synchronous_commit = on # synchronization level;
# off, local, remote_write, remote_apply, or on

建议使用pg_test_fsync测试后，决定用哪个最快。通常LINUX下open_datasync比较快。

wal_sync_method = fsync # the default is the first option

                                    # supported by the operating system:  
                                    #   open_datasync  
                                    #   fdatasync (default on Linux)  
                                    #   fsync  
                                    #   fsync_writethrough  
                                    #   open_sync
复制

如果文件系统支持COW例如ZFS，则建议设置为OFF。如果文件系统可以保证datafile block size的原子写，在对齐后也可以设置为OFF。

full_page_writes = on # recover from partial page writes

wal_compression = off # enable compression of full-page writes

wal_log_hints = off # also do full page writes of non-critical updates

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

建议 min( 512MB, shared_buffers/32 )

wal_buffers = -1 # min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
# (change requires restart)

如果设置了synchronous_commit = off，可以设置wal_writer_delay

wal_writer_delay = 10ms # 1-10000 milliseconds
wal_writer_flush_after = 1MB # measured in pages, 0 disables

如果synchronous_commit=on, 并且已知业务系统为高并发，对数据库有写操作的小事务，则可以设置commit_delay来实现分组提交，合并WAL FSYNCIO 。

commit_delay = 0 # range 0-100000, in microseconds

同时处于提交状态的事务数超过commit_siblings时，使用分组提交

commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000

- Checkpoints -

不建议频繁做检查点，否则XLOG会产生很多的FULL PAGE WRITE(when full_page_writes=on)。

checkpoint_timeout = 30min # range 30s-1d

建议等于SHARED BUFFER，或2倍。

同时需要考虑崩溃恢复时间, 越大，检查点可能拉越长导致崩溃恢复耗时越长。但是越小，开启FPW时，WAL日志写入量又越大。建议采用COW文件系统，关闭FPW。

max_wal_size = 256GB

建议是SHARED BUFFER的2分之一

min_wal_size = 64GB

硬盘好的情况下，可以让检查点快速结束，恢复时也可以快速达到一致状态。否则建议0.5~0.9

checkpoint_completion_target = 0.1 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0

IO很好的机器，不需要考虑平滑调度, 否则建议128~256kB

checkpoint_flush_after = 256kB # measured in pages, 0 disables

checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 disables

- Archiving -

建议默认打开，因为修改它需要重启实例

archive_mode = on # enables archiving; off, on, or always
# (change requires restart)

后期再修改，如 'test ! -f /disk1/digoal/arch/%f && cp %p /disk1/digoal/arch/%f'

archive_command = '/bin/date' # command to use to archive a logfile segment
# placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
# %f = file name only
# e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'

archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this

                            # number of seconds; 0 disables
复制

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

REPLICATION

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Sending Server(s) -

Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.

同时需要几个流复制连接，根据实际需求设定

max_wal_senders = 8 # max number of walsender processes
# (change requires restart)

根据实际情况设置保留WAL的数量，主要是防止过早的清除WAL，导致备库因为主库的WAL清除而中断。根据实际情况设定。

wal_keep_segments = 0 # in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables

wal_sender_timeout = 60s # in milliseconds; 0 disables

根据实际情况设置需要创建多少replication slot

建议大于等于max_wal_senders

max_replication_slots = 10 # max number of replication slots

                            # (change requires restart)
复制

track_commit_timestamp = off # collect timestamp of transaction commit

                            # (change requires restart)
复制

- Master Server -

These settings are ignored on a standby server.

如果有2个或2个以上的备库，可以考虑使用同步多副本模式。根据实际情况设置

《PostgreSQL 一主多从(多副本,强同步)简明手册 - 配置、压测、监控、切换、防脑裂、修复、0丢失 - 珍藏级》

synchronous_standby_names = '' # standby servers that provide sync rep

                            # method to choose sync standbys, number of sync standbys,  
                            # and comma-separated list of application_name  
                            # from standby(s); '*' = all
复制

vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0 # number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed

- Standby Servers -

These settings are ignored on a master server.

hot_standby = on # "off" disallows queries during recovery

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

max_standby_archive_delay = 300s # max delay before canceling queries
# when reading WAL from archive;
# -1 allows indefinite delay
max_standby_streaming_delay = 300s # max delay before canceling queries
# when reading streaming WAL;
# -1 allows indefinite delay
wal_receiver_status_interval = 1s # send replies at least this often
# 0 disables

建议关闭，以免备库长事务导致主库无法回收垃圾而膨胀。

hot_standby_feedback = off # send info from standby to prevent
# query conflicts

wal_receiver_timeout = 60s # time that receiver waits for

                                    # communication from master  
                                    # in milliseconds; 0 disables
复制

wal_retrieve_retry_interval = 5s # time to wait before retrying to
# retrieve WAL after a failed attempt

- Subscribers -

《PostgreSQL 10.0 preview 逻辑订阅 - 原理与最佳实践》

These settings are ignored on a publisher.

必须小于 max_worker_processes

max_logical_replication_workers = 4 # taken from max_worker_processes

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

max_sync_workers_per_subscription = 2 # taken from max_logical_replication_workers

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

QUERY TUNING

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Planner Method Configuration -

enable_bitmapscan = on

enable_hashagg = on

enable_hashjoin = on

enable_indexscan = on

enable_indexonlyscan = on

enable_material = on

enable_mergejoin = on

enable_nestloop = on

enable_seqscan = on

enable_sort = on

enable_tidscan = on

- Planner Cost Constants -

seq_page_cost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale

离散IO很好的机器（例如ssd, nvme ssd），不需要考虑离散和顺序扫描的成本差异

random_page_cost = 1.1 # same scale as above

cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01 # same scale as above

cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above

cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025 # same scale as above

parallel_tuple_cost = 0.1 # same scale as above

parallel_setup_cost = 1000.0 # same scale as above

min_parallel_table_scan_size = 8MB

min_parallel_index_scan_size = 512kB

扣掉会话连接RSS，shared buffer, autovacuum worker, 剩下的都是OS可用的CACHE。

effective_cache_size = 400GB

- Genetic Query Optimizer -

geqo = on

geqo_threshold = 12

geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10

geqo_pool_size = 0 # selects default based on effort

geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort

geqo_selection_bias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0

geqo_seed = 0.0 # range 0.0-1.0

- Other Planner Options -

default_statistics_target = 100 # range 1-10000

constraint_exclusion = partition # on, off, or partition

cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1 # range 0.0-1.0

from_collapse_limit = 8

join_collapse_limit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit

                                    # JOIN clauses
复制

force_parallel_mode = off

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Where to Log -

log_destination = 'csvlog' # Valid values are combinations of
# stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,
# depending on platform. csvlog
# requires logging_collector to be on.

This is used when logging to stderr:

logging_collector = on # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
# into log files. Required to be on for
# csvlogs.
# (change requires restart)

These are only used if logging_collector is on:

log_directory = 'log' # directory where log files are written,

                                    # can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
复制

log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # log file name pattern,

log_filename = 'postgresql-%H.log' # can include strftime() escapes

log_file_mode = 0600 # creation mode for log files,

                                    # begin with 0 to use octal notation
复制

log_truncate_on_rotation = on # If on, an existing log file with the
# same name as the new log file will be
# truncated rather than appended to.
# But such truncation only occurs on
# time-driven rotation, not on restarts
# or size-driven rotation. Default is
# off, meaning append to existing files
# in all cases.
log_rotation_age = 1h # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that time. 0 disables.
log_rotation_size = 100MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that much log output.
# 0 disables.

These are relevant when logging to syslog:

syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'

syslog_ident = 'postgres'

syslog_sequence_numbers = on

syslog_split_messages = on

This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):

(change requires restart)

event_source = 'PostgreSQL'

- When to Log -

client_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail:

                                    #   debug5  
                                    #   debug4  
                                    #   debug3  
                                    #   debug2  
                                    #   debug1  
                                    #   log  
                                    #   notice  
                                    #   warning  
                                    #   error
复制

log_min_messages = warning # values in order of decreasing detail:

                                    #   debug5  
                                    #   debug4  
                                    #   debug3  
                                    #   debug2  
                                    #   debug1  
                                    #   info  
                                    #   notice  
                                    #   warning  
                                    #   error  
                                    #   log  
                                    #   fatal  
                                    #   panic
复制

log_min_error_statement = error # values in order of decreasing detail:

                                    #   debug5  
                                    #   debug4  
                                    #   debug3  
                                    #   debug2  
                                    #   debug1  
                                    #   info  
                                    #   notice  
                                    #   warning  
                                    #   error  
                                    #   log  
                                    #   fatal  
                                    #   panic (effectively off)
复制

根据实际情况设定，例如业务上认为5秒以上是慢SQL，那么就设置为5秒。

log_min_duration_statement = 5s # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
# and their durations, > 0 logs only
# statements running at least this number
# of milliseconds

- What to Log -

debug_print_parse = off

debug_print_rewritten = off

debug_print_plan = off

debug_pretty_print = on

log_checkpoints = on

如果业务是短连接，建议设置为OFF，否则建议设置为ON

log_connections = off

如果业务是短连接，建议设置为OFF，否则建议设置为ON

log_disconnections = off

log_duration = off

log_error_verbosity = verbose # terse, default, or verbose messages

log_hostname = off

log_line_prefix = '%m [%p] ' # special values:

                                    #   %a = application name  
                                    #   %u = user name  
                                    #   %d = database name  
                                    #   %r = remote host and port  
                                    #   %h = remote host  
                                    #   %p = process ID  
                                    #   %t = timestamp without milliseconds  
                                    #   %m = timestamp with milliseconds  
                                    #   %n = timestamp with milliseconds (as a Unix epoch)  
                                    #   %i = command tag  
                                    #   %e = SQL state  
                                    #   %c = session ID  
                                    #   %l = session line number  
                                    #   %s = session start timestamp  
                                    #   %v = virtual transaction ID  
                                    #   %x = transaction ID (0 if none)  
                                    #   %q = stop here in non-session  
                                    #        processes  
                                    #   %% = '%'  
                                    # e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
复制

log_lock_waits = on # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout

如果需要审计SQL，则可以设置为all

log_statement = 'ddl' # none, ddl, mod, all

log_replication_commands = off

log_temp_files = 1GB # log temporary files equal or larger
# than the specified size in kilobytes;
# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
log_timezone = 'PRC'

- Process Title -

cluster_name = '' # added to process titles if nonempty

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

update_process_title = on

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RUNTIME STATISTICS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Query/Index Statistics Collector -

track_activities = on

track_counts = on

跟踪IO耗时会带来一定的性能影响，默认是关闭的

如果需要统计IO的时间开销，设置为ON

track_io_timing = off

track_functions = none # none, pl, all

track_activity_query_size = 1024 # (change requires restart)

stats_temp_directory = 'pg_stat_tmp'

- Statistics Monitoring -

log_parser_stats = off

log_planner_stats = off

log_executor_stats = off

log_statement_stats = off

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AUTOVACUUM PARAMETERS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

autovacuum = on # Enable autovacuum subprocess? 'on'

                                    # requires track_counts to also be on.
复制

log_autovacuum_min_duration = 0 # -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
# their durations, > 0 logs only
# actions running at least this number
# of milliseconds.

CPU核多，并且IO好的情况下，可多点，但是注意最多可能消耗这么多内存：

autovacuum_max_workers * autovacuum mem(autovacuum_work_mem)，

会消耗较多内存，所以内存也要有基础。

当DELETE\UPDATE非常频繁时，建议设置多一点，防止膨胀严重

autovacuum_max_workers = 6 # max number of autovacuum subprocesses
# (change requires restart)

建议不要太高频率，否则会因为vacuum产生较多的XLOG。或者在某些垃圾回收不掉的情况下(例如长事务、feed back on，等)，导致一直触发vacuum，CPU和IO都会升高

《PostgreSQL垃圾回收代码分析 - why postgresql cann't reclaim tuple is HEAPTUPLE_RECENTLY_DEAD》
《PostgreSQL物理"备库"的哪些操作或配置，可能影响"主库"的性能、垃圾回收、IO波动》

autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs

autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before

                                    # vacuum
复制

autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50 # min number of row updates before

                                    # analyze
复制

autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of table size before vacuum

autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of table size before analyze

除了设置较大的FREEZE值。

还是需要注意FREEZE风暴《PostgreSQL Freeze 风暴预测续 - 珍藏级SQL》

表级定制freeze

autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 1500000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum
# (change requires restart)
autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 1600000000 # maximum multixact age
# before forced vacuum
# (change requires restart)
autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 0ms # default vacuum cost delay for
# autovacuum, in milliseconds;
# -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay
autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for
# autovacuum, -1 means use
# vacuum_cost_limit

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Statement Behavior -

search_path = '"$user", public' # schema names

default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses the default

temp_tablespaces = '' # a list of tablespace names, '' uses

                                    # only default tablespace
复制

check_function_bodies = on

default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'

default_transaction_read_only = off

default_transaction_deferrable = off

session_replication_role = 'origin'

可以用来防止风暴，但是不建议全局设置

statement_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled

执行DDL时，建议加上超时

lock_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled

空闲中事务自动清理，根据业务实际情况设置

idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = 15min # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled

vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000

vacuum_freeze_table_age = 1450000000

vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age = 5000000

vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 1450000000

bytea_output = 'hex' # hex, escape

xmlbinary = 'base64'

xmloption = 'content'

限制GIN扫描的返回结果集大小，在想限制超多匹配的返回时可以设置

gin_fuzzy_search_limit = 0

GIN索引pending list的大小

gin_pending_list_limit = 4MB

- Locale and Formatting -

datestyle = 'iso, ymd'

intervalstyle = 'postgres'

timezone = 'PRC'

timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone

                                    # abbreviations.  Currently, there are  
                                    #   Default  
                                    #   Australia (historical usage)  
                                    #   India  
                                    # You can create your own file in  
                                    # share/timezonesets/.
复制

extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 3

client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database

                                    # encoding
复制

These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.

lc_messages = 'C' # locale for system error message
# strings
lc_monetary = 'C' # locale for monetary formatting
lc_numeric = 'C' # locale for number formatting
lc_time = 'C' # locale for time formatting

default configuration for text search

default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.english'

- Other Defaults -

dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'

local_preload_libraries = ''

session_preload_libraries = ''

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LOCK MANAGEMENT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

deadlock_timeout = 1s

max_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64 # min 10

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

max_pred_locks_per_relation = -2 # negative values mean

                                    # (max_pred_locks_per_transaction  
                                    #  / -max_pred_locks_per_relation) - 1
复制

max_pred_locks_per_page = 2 # min 0

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VERSION/PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Previous PostgreSQL Versions -

array_nulls = on

backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding

default_with_oids = off

《PostgreSQL 转义、UNICODE、与SQL注入》

escape_string_warning = on

lo_compat_privileges = off

operator_precedence_warning = off

quote_all_identifiers = off

standard_conforming_strings = on

synchronize_seqscans = on

- Other Platforms and Clients -

transform_null_equals = off

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ERROR HANDLING

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

exit_on_error = off # terminate session on any error?

restart_after_crash = on # reinitialize after backend crash?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONFIG FILE INCLUDES

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

These options allow settings to be loaded from files other than the

default postgresql.conf.

include_dir = 'conf.d' # include files ending in '.conf' from

                                    # directory 'conf.d'
复制

include_if_exists = 'exists.conf' # include file only if it exists

include = 'special.conf' # include file

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Add settings for extensions here

```

可以给开发者开放的建议配置

```

允许用户取值： -1 或大于102400

temp_file_limit = -1 # limits per-process temp file space

                                    # in kB, or -1 for no limit
复制

允许用户取值： >=0 , <= 规格CPU个数-2

max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0 # taken from max_parallel_workers

允许用户取值： >=0 , <= 规格CPU个数-2，必须小于 max_worker_processes

max_parallel_workers = 8 # maximum number of max_worker_processes that
# can be used in parallel queries

允许用户取值： -1 或 1min ~ 1d

old_snapshot_threshold = -1 # 1min-60d; -1 disables; 0 is immediate

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

允许用户取值： replica 或 replica

wal_level = replica # minimal, replica, or replica
# (change requires restart)

如果双节点、单节点版本，允许用户取值： off or on

如果是多副本，允许用户取值： remote_write, remote_apply or on

synchronous_commit = on # synchronization level;
# off, local, remote_write, remote_apply, or on

允许用户取值： 0 ~ 100

commit_delay = 0 # range 0-100000, in microseconds

允许用户取值： 1 ~ 50

commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000

允许用户取值： 5min ~ 120min

checkpoint_timeout = 30min # range 30s-1d

允许用户取值： 0.1 ~ 0.9

checkpoint_completion_target = 0.1 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0

允许用户取值： 128 ~ 8192 约 128GB

wal_keep_segments = 0 # in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables

允许用户取值： 0 或 5s ~ 60s

wal_sender_timeout = 60s # in milliseconds; 0 disables

允许用户取值： 0 ~ 1000000

vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0 # number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed

只读节点开放时，允许用户设置只读节点参数

允许用户取值： 0 ~ 2h

允许用户取值： 0 ~ 16，必须小于 max_worker_processes

max_logical_replication_workers = 4 # taken from max_worker_processes

                                    # (change requires restart)
复制

允许用户取值： 0 ~ 16，必须小于等于 max_logical_replication_workers

max_sync_workers_per_subscription = 2 # taken from max_logical_replication_workers

允许用户取值： 100ms ~ 60s

log_min_duration_statement = 5s # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
# and their durations, > 0 logs only
# statements running at least this number
# of milliseconds

允许用户取值： -1 , 10MB ~ 10GB

log_temp_files = -1 # log temporary files equal or larger

                                    # than the specified size in kilobytes;  
                                    # -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
复制

允许用户取值： 15s ~ 5min

autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs

允许用户取值： 1.5亿 ~ 15亿

autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 1500000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum
# (change requires restart)

允许用户取值： 1.5亿 ~ 15亿

autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 1600000000 # maximum multixact age
# before forced vacuum
# (change requires restart)

允许用户取值： 0 ~ 100ms

autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 0ms # default vacuum cost delay for
# autovacuum, in milliseconds;
# -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay

允许用户取值： -1 ~ 10000

autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for
# autovacuum, -1 means use
# vacuum_cost_limit

允许用户取值： 0 或 1s ~ 3600s

statement_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled

允许用户取值： 0 或 1s ~ 60s

lock_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled

允许用户取值： 0 或 5s ~ 300s

idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = 15min # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled

允许用户取值： 1.5亿 ~ 15亿

vacuum_freeze_table_age = 1450000000
vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 1450000000

允许用户取值： hex, escape

bytea_output = 'hex' # hex, escape

允许用户取值： 0 ~ 100万

gin_fuzzy_search_limit = 0

允许用户设置，设置为数据库允许的值

datestyle = 'iso, ymd'

intervalstyle = 'postgres'

timezone = 'PRC'

timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone

                                    # abbreviations.  Currently, there are  
                                    #   Default  
                                    #   Australia (historical usage)  
                                    #   India  
                                    # You can create your own file in  
                                    # share/timezonesets/.
复制

extra_float_digits = 0 # min -15, max 3

client_encoding = sql_ascii # actually, defaults to database

                                    # encoding
复制

These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.

backslash_quote = safe_encoding # on, off, or safe_encoding

escape_string_warning = on

standard_conforming_strings = on

transform_null_equals = off

```

内存使用评估

```

1/4 主机内存

shared_buffers = 24GB

temp_buffers = 8MB

可以在会话中设置，如果有大量JOIN，聚合操作，并且期望使用hash agg或hash join。

可以设大一些，但是不建议大于四分之一内存除以最大连接数 .

(一条QUERY中可以使用多倍WORK_MEM，与执行计划中的NODE有关)

work_mem = 8MB

min( 2G, (1/4 主机内存)/autovacuum_max_workers )

maintenance_work_mem = 2GB

autovacuum_work_mem = -1

建议 min( 512MB, shared_buffers/32 )

wal_buffers = -1

autovacuum_max_workers = 6

max_connections = 2000

总memory使用评估:

shared buffer shared_buffers : 24GB
vacuum autovacuum_work_mem * autovacuum_max_workers 或 maintenance_work_mem * autovacuum_max_workers : 2G6=12G
create index maintenance_work_mem * 同时创建索引的并发 : 2G * 8 = 16G (假设同时创建索引的进程为6个)
group by, sort, hash agg, hash join 并发使用这些操作的SQL * work_mem : (max_connections/10)8MB = 1.6GB (假设十分之一的连接，每条SQL只用一份work_mem, 实际上复杂SQL可能用多份)
wal buffer wal_buffers : 16MB
connection : max_connections * 10MB = 20GB (假设每个连接使用10MB，实际上可能更多，relcache, syscache，与访问的对象有关)

page table : 页表，与shared_buffers，并发连接，以及连接TOUCH的SHARED BUFFER数，是否使用HUGE PAGE有关
《PostgreSQL Huge Page 使用建议 - 大内存主机、实例注意》
```

模板例子

1、动态参数

port=xxx synchronous_commit = xx # 异步复制:off, 同步复制: remote_write synchronous_standby_names = 'ANY 1 (*)' # 三节点(1主2从)为例 , 任意一个从的FEEDBACK都可以释放同步事务的等待队列 max_connections= # 规格内存(GB)*1000*(1/4)/10 + superuser_reserved_connections shared_buffers= # IF use hugepage: 规格内存*(1/4) ELSE: min(32GB, 规格内存*(1/4)) max_prepared_transactions # max_prepared_transactions=max_connections work_mem # max(min(规格内存/4096, 64MB), 4MB) maintenance_work_mem # min( 8G, (主机内存*1/32) ) autovacuum_work_mem # min( 8G, (规格内存*1/8)/autovacuum_max_workers ) max_parallel_workers_per_gather # min( max(2, CPU核数-4) , 24 ) max_parallel_workers # min(max(2, CPU核数-4) , 32) max_wal_size # min(shared_buffers*2, 用户存储空间/10) min_wal_size # min(shared_buffers/2 , 用户存储空间/10) max_sync_workers_per_subscription # min ( 32 , max(2, CPU核数-4) ) effective_cache_size # 规格内存 * 0.75 autovacuum_max_workers # max(min( 8 , CPU核数/2 ) , 5) temp_file_limit= 数据库规格内存大小

根据实际情况开启归档

```
archive_mode = on
archive_timeout = '5min'

archive_command='test ! -f /disk1/digoal/arch/%f && cp %p /disk1/digoal/arch/%f'

也可以先设置为如下，规划好归档目录后再设置。

archive_command = '/bin/date' # 开启归档，但是不COPY归档文件，

```

根据实际情况，设置预加载的SO库

shared_preload_libraries='pg_stat_statements,auth_delay,auto_explain'

根据实际情况，设置SSL链路

ssl=on ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt' ssl_key_file = 'server.key'

2、OS环境相关信任参数（固定参数）

data_sync_retry = off full_page_writes = on

3、固定静态参数（社区版参数）

listen_addresses='*' superuser_reserved_connections=100 tcp_keepalives_idle=45 tcp_keepalives_interval=10 tcp_keepalives_count=10 vacuum_cost_delay=0 vacuum_cost_limit=10000 bgwriter_delay=10ms bgwriter_lru_maxpages=1000 bgwriter_lru_multiplier=10.0 effective_io_concurrency=0 max_worker_processes=256 old_snapshot_threshold = -1 wal_level = replica wal_compression = on wal_buffers=16MB wal_writer_delay=10ms checkpoint_timeout = 25min checkpoint_completion_target = 0.4 max_wal_senders = 64 max_replication_slots = 56 max_logical_replication_workers = 56 hot_standby = on max_standby_archive_delay = 300s max_standby_streaming_delay = 300s wal_receiver_status_interval = 1s hot_standby_feedback = off wal_receiver_timeout = 30s random_page_cost=1.1 logging_collector=on log_truncate_on_rotation=on log_min_duration_statement=5s log_checkpoints=on log_error_verbosity=verbose log_lock_waits=on log_statement='ddl' log_temp_files=128MB track_io_timing=on track_functions=pl autovacuum = on log_autovacuum_min_duration=0 autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.05 autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 1200000000 autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 1400000000 autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay=0 statement_timeout = 0 lock_timeout = 0 idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = '1h' vacuum_freeze_table_age = 200000000 vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 200000000 deadlock_timeout = 1s auth_delay.milliseconds=3s pg_stat_statements.max=5000 pg_stat_statements.save=off pg_stat_statements.track=top pg_stat_statements.track_utility=off auto_explain.log_format=text auto_explain.log_analyze=off auto_explain.log_nested_statements=off auto_explain.log_triggers=off auto_explain.sample_rate=1 auto_explain.log_buffers=off auto_explain.log_min_duration=-1 auto_explain.log_timing=on auto_explain.log_verbose=off track_activity_query_size = 1024 unix_socket_directories = '.' unix_socket_permissions = 0700 log_timezone='UTC' huge_pages=try log_error_verbosity=verbose # 改变后，前缀可能不同，需要注意。 log_rotation_age=1h log_rotation_size = 100MB log_filename = 'postgresql-%H.log' autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.02 # 0.005~ 0.15 log_destination = 'csvlog'

4、建议只允许用户修改如下配置，默认值以及允许用户修改的范围如下：

```
temp_file_limit=规格内存大小 # -1, 16MB ~ 1024000MB
wal_level=replica # replica , logical
wal_keep_segments=0 # 0 ~ 1024000
track_commit_timestamp=off # off, on
vacuum_defer_cleanup_age=0 # 0 ~ 5000000
log_min_duration_statement=5s # -1 , 1s ~ 600s
log_connections=off # on, off
log_disconnections=off # on, off
log_duration=off # on, off
log_statement='ddl' # ddl, mod, all
log_temp_files=128MB # 0, -1, 16MB ~ 1024MB
default_transaction_deferrable=off # on, off
statement_timeout = 0 # 0, 3s ~ 3600s
lock_timeout = 0 # 0, 3s ~ 600s
idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = '1h' # 0, 3s ~ 36000s
extra_float_digits = 0 # -15~3, int
old_snapshot_threshold=-1 # -1, 1min ~ 2880min
autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 0 # 0~50
autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = 10000 # 5000 ~ 10000
shared_buffers=min(32GB, 规格内存(1/4)) # min(32GB, 规格内存(1/4)) ,规格内存*(1/4)
autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.02 # 0.005~ 0.15
synchronous_commit = off # 当高并发写事务遇到了WAL瓶颈时，优先考虑提高磁盘IOPS能力，如果需要立即提升性能可以使用异步提交，或开启分组提交

如果加了LOG审计的采样插件，再加上对应参数，允许用户修改，以及允许用户可以修改的范围。
https://www.pgxn.org/dist/pg_sampletolog/
```

文章转载自digoal，如果涉嫌侵权，请发送邮件至：contact@modb.pro进行举报，并提供相关证据，一经查实，墨天轮将立刻删除相关内容。

冷狼

5月前

PostgreSQL 10 postgresql.conf 参数模板 - 珍藏级

5月前

PostgreSQL 10 postgresql.conf 参数模板 - 珍藏级

作者

日期

标签

背景

系统参数模板

PostgreSQL 10参数模板

-----------------------------

PostgreSQL configuration file

-----------------------------

This file consists of lines of the form:

name = value

(The "=" is optional.) Whitespace may be used. Comments are introduced with

"#" anywhere on a line. The complete list of parameter names and allowed

values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.

The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.

Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;

you need to reload the server.

This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP

signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the

server for the changes to take effect, run "pg_ctl reload", or execute

"SELECT pg_reload_conf()". Some parameters, which are marked below,

require a server shutdown and restart to take effect.

Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,

"postgres -c log_connections=on". Some parameters can be changed at run time

with the "SET" SQL command.

Memory units: kB = kilobytes Time units: ms = milliseconds

MB = megabytes s = seconds

GB = gigabytes min = minutes

TB = terabytes h = hours

d = days

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

FILE LOCATIONS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line

option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.

data_directory = 'ConfigDir' # use data in another directory

hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file

ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file

If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.

external_pid_file = '' # write an extra PID file

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Connection Settings -

根据业务需求设定监听

建议不要大于 200 * 四分之一物理内存(GB)， 例如四分之一物理内存为16G，则建议不要超过3200.

(假设一个连接耗费5MB，实际上syscache很大时，可能更多)

《PostgreSQL relcache在长连接应用中的内存霸占"坑"》

$PGDATA, /tmp中 创建unix socket监听

unix_socket_group = '' # (change requires restart)

除了OWNER和超级用户，其他用户无法从/tmp unix socket连接该实例

bonjour = off # advertise server via Bonjour

bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name

- Security and Authentication -

authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s

ssl = off

ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL' # allowed SSL ciphers

ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on

ssl_ecdh_curve = 'prime256v1'

ssl_dh_params_file = ''

ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt'

ssl_key_file = 'server.key'

ssl_ca_file = ''

ssl_crl_file = ''

md5 or scram-sha-256 # 如果MD5会泄露，建议使用scram-sha-256，但是相互不兼容，请注意。

《PostgreSQL 10.0 preview 安全增强 - SASL认证方法 之 scram-sha-256 安全认证机制》

db_user_namespace = off

row_security = on

GSSAPI using Kerberos

krb_server_keyfile = ''

krb_caseins_users = off

- TCP Keepalives -

see "man 7 tcp" for details

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- Memory -

1/4 主机内存

当不使用huge page，并且连接数大于3000时，建议shared buffer不要超过48G

建议不要大于 200 * 四分之一物理内存(GB)，例如四分之一物理内存为16G，则建议不要超过3200.

$PGDATA, /tmp中创建unix socket监听

《PostgreSQL 10.0 preview 安全增强 - SASL认证方法之 scram-sha-256 安全认证机制》

建议shared buffer设置超过32GB时使用大页，页大小 /proc/meminfo Hugepagesize

可以设大一些，但是不建议大于四分之一内存除以最大连接数 .

如果需要使用并行查询，设置为大于1 ，不建议超过主机cores-2

如果需要使用并行查询，设置为大于1 ，不建议超过主机cores-2

如果文件系统支持COW例如ZFS，则建议设置为OFF。如果文件系统可以保证datafile block size的原子写，在对齐后也可以设置为OFF。

同时需要考虑崩溃恢复时间, 越大，检查点可能拉越长导致崩溃恢复耗时越长。但是越小，开启FPW时，WAL日志写入量又越大。建议采用COW文件系统，关闭FPW。