
软件学报 ISSN 1000-9825, CODEN RUXUEW E-mail: jos@iscas.ac.cn
Journal of Software,2020,31(5):1406−1434 [doi: 10.13328/j.cnki.jos.005967] http://www.jos.org.cn
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区块链隐私保护研究与实践综述
∗
张
奥
,
白晓颖
(清华大学 计算机科学与技术系,北京 100084)
通讯作者: 张奥, E-mail: za17@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
摘 要: 基于区块链的分布式账本集成了非对称加密体系、P2P 网络、共识算法、智能合约等多种技术,保证事
务记录的一致性和不可篡改性.但是,区块链技术中的账本共享机制也带来了隐私威胁,用户身份、账户地址、交易
内容等信息的隐私保护成为研究的关注点.讨论了区块链系统中的隐私威胁;着重分析了地址混淆、信息隐藏、通
道隔离等 3 类隐私保护机制,详细介绍各类机制的原理、模型、特征及实现技术;最后探讨了实际应用中,区块链隐
私保护技术在系统性能和可扩展性方面的挑战和发展方向.
关键词: 区块链;隐私保护;混币;信息隐藏;通道隔离
中图法分类号: TP311
中文引用格式: 张奥,白晓颖.区块链隐私保护研究与实践综述.软件学报,2020 ,31(5):1406−1434. http://www.jos.org.cn/1000 -
9825/5967.htm
英文引用格式: Zhang A, Bai XY. Survey of research and practices on blockchain privacy protection. Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal
of Software, 2020,31(5):1406−1434 (in Chinese). h ttp://www.jos.org.cn/1000-9825/5967.htm
Survey of Research and Practices on Blockchain Privacy Protection
ZHANG Ao, BAI Xiao-Y ing
(Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
Abstra ct : Blockchain-based distributed ledger aims to provide consistent and t amper-resistant transaction records by integrating various
security technologies such as asymmetric cryptosystem, P2P network, consensus algorithm, and smart contract. However, as each node in
the blockchain system shares a copy of the public ledger, such data sharing mechanism also introduces vulnerabilities that hackers could
exploit to attack private information. Privacy protection of blockchain systems thus gains wide attentions from researchers. Various
techniques have been proposed to protect users’ identity, address, and transaction information from security threats. This study
investigates blockchain privacy threats. It made a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art privacy protection technologies which are
categorized into three mechanisms including address confusion, information hiding, and channel isolation. The paper introduces the
principles, models, and various implementations of each mechanism. It finally discusses the challenges of performance and scalability in
practice and future technology advancement directions.
Key words: blockchain; privacy protection; coin-mixing; infor mation h iding; channel isol ation
区块链技术旨在不可信的开放网络中,维护一个安全可信、不可篡改的公共账本,并以此为基础构建电子
交易、访问控制等应用系统.根据新节点的加入是否需要授权认证,区块链系统可以分为许可链和非许可链两
大类.非许可链
[1−3]
通常也称为公有链,不限制节点的加入或退出,任何节点可以访问链上数据、发布交易以及参
与链上数据的记录,甚至可以尝试发布不合法消息,攻击网络中的其他节点.许可链
[4−6]
指区块链网络中节点的
加入网络、记录账本等操作需要经过特定的授权许可与认证.许可链系统又可以根据系统参与方的数量分为联
∗ 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(60603035, 61073003, 61472197)
Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (6060303 5, 61073003, 61472197)
收稿时间: 2019-08-30; 修改时间: 2019-10-21; 采用时间: 2019-12-31; jos 在线出版时间: 2020-04-07
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