目录
一、简介二、环境准备三、实验过程3.1 主库创建表3.2 主库做更新操作3.3 分析主库的binlog日志3.4 分析从库的中继日志四、结论复制
一、简介
导致MySQL主从复制延迟的原因有很多，其中一个原因就是大表缺失主键或唯一索引。
今天我们就通过实验的方式来验证这种情况。
二、环境准备
主库：IP为192.168.68.168，端口3306，版本为8.0.20
从库：IP为192.168.68.168，端口3306，版本为8.0.20
1[root@docker35 ~]# docker ps
2CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3ebe3b62a2358 mysql:8.0.20 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 8 days ago Up 8 days 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3319->3306/tcp mysql8020S1
476140b04e2fd mysql:8.0.20 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 8 days ago Up 8 days 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3318->3306/tcp mysql8020M1
5
6
7-- 主库
8MySQL [lhrdb1]> show slave hosts;
9+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
10| Server_id | Host | Port | Master_id | Slave_UUID |
11+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
12| 80203319 | | 3306 | 80203318 | e12dfcd2-1e40-11eb-b2f0-0242c0a844a9 |
13+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
14
15MySQL [lhrdb1]> show variables like '%binlog_format%';
16+---------------+-------+
17| Variable_name | Value |
18+---------------+-------+
19| binlog_format | ROW |
20+---------------+-------+
211 row in set (0.00 sec)
22
23
24-- 从库
25MySQL [(none)]> show slave status\G;
26*************************** 1. row ***************************
27 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
28 Master_Host: 192.168.68.168
29 Master_User: repl
30 Master_Port: 3306
31 Connect_Retry: 60
32 Master_Log_File: mysql8020M1-bin.000007
33 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 19665393
34 Relay_Log_File: mysql8020S1-relay-bin.000008
35 Relay_Log_Pos: 19665620
36 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql8020M1-bin.000007
37 Slave_IO_Running: Yes
38 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
39 Replicate_Do_DB:
40 Replicate_Ignore_DB: information_schema,performance_schema,mysql,sys
41 Replicate_Do_Table:
42 Replicate_Ignore_Table:
43 Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
44 Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
45 Last_Errno: 0
46 Last_Error:
47 Skip_Counter: 0
48 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 19665393
49 Relay_Log_Space: 19665928
50 Until_Condition: None
51 Until_Log_File:
52 Until_Log_Pos: 0
53 Master_SSL_Allowed: No
54 Master_SSL_CA_File:
55 Master_SSL_CA_Path:
56 Master_SSL_Cert:
57 Master_SSL_Cipher:
58 Master_SSL_Key:
59 Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
60Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
61 Last_IO_Errno: 0
62 Last_IO_Error:
63 Last_SQL_Errno: 0
64 Last_SQL_Error:
65 Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
66 Master_Server_Id: 80203318
67 Master_UUID: dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8
68 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
69 SQL_Delay: 0
70 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
71 Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
72 Master_Retry_Count: 86400
73 Master_Bind:
74 Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
75 Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
76 Master_SSL_Crl:
77 Master_SSL_Crlpath:
78 Retrieved_Gtid_Set: dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8:20-160037
79 Executed_Gtid_Set: dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8:1-160037
80 Auto_Position: 1
81 Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
82 Channel_Name:
83 Master_TLS_Version:
84 Master_public_key_path:
85 Get_master_public_key: 0
86 Network_Namespace:
871 row in set (0.00 sec)复制
三、实验过程
3.1 主库创建表
主库先创建一张8万行的大表：
1MySQL [lhrdb1]> DELIMITER $$
2MySQL [lhrdb1]> drop procedure if exists `t_pro`$$
3Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
4
5MySQL [lhrdb1]> create procedure `t_pro`(num int)
6 -> begin
7 -> declare i int unsigned default 1;
8 -> set i=1;
9 -> while i <= num do
10 -> insert into `t` (`id`,`name`)
11 -> values(i,concat('主键测试',i));
12 -> set i=i + 1;
13 -> end while;
14 -> end$$
15Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
16
17MySQL [lhrdb1]> DELIMITER ;
18MySQL [lhrdb1]> call `t_pro`(80000);
19
20--- .... 这里插入8万行数据，比较慢复制
从库查询延迟：
1D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
2mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
3 Seconds_Behind_Master: 11
4
5D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G"
6mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
7*************************** 1. row ***************************
8 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
9 Master_Host: 192.168.68.168
10 Master_User: repl
11 Master_Port: 3306
12 Connect_Retry: 60
13 Master_Log_File: mysql8020M1-bin.000007
14 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 26029948
15 Relay_Log_File: mysql8020S1-relay-bin.000008
16 Relay_Log_Pos: 25067097
17 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql8020M1-bin.000007
18 Slave_IO_Running: Yes
19 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
20 Replicate_Do_DB:
21 Replicate_Ignore_DB: information_schema,performance_schema,mysql,sys
22 Replicate_Do_Table:
23 Replicate_Ignore_Table:
24 Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
25 Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
26 Last_Errno: 0
27 Last_Error:
28 Skip_Counter: 0
29 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 25066870
30 Relay_Log_Space: 26030483
31 Until_Condition: None
32 Until_Log_File:
33 Until_Log_Pos: 0
34 Master_SSL_Allowed: No
35 Master_SSL_CA_File:
36 Master_SSL_CA_Path:
37 Master_SSL_Cert:
38 Master_SSL_Cipher:
39 Master_SSL_Key:
40 Seconds_Behind_Master: 12
41Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
42 Last_IO_Errno: 0
43 Last_IO_Error:
44 Last_SQL_Errno: 0
45 Last_SQL_Error:
46 Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
47 Master_Server_Id: 80203318
48 Master_UUID: dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8
49 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
50 SQL_Delay: 0
51 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
52 Slave_SQL_Running_State: waiting for handler commit
53 Master_Retry_Count: 86400
54 Master_Bind:
55 Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
56 Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
57 Master_SSL_Crl:
58 Master_SSL_Crlpath:
59 Retrieved_Gtid_Set: dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8:20-181149
60 Executed_Gtid_Set: dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8:1-177960
61 Auto_Position: 1
62 Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
63 Channel_Name:
64 Master_TLS_Version:
65 Master_public_key_path:
66 Get_master_public_key: 0
67 Network_Namespace:
68
69D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
70mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
71 Seconds_Behind_Master: 19
72
73MySQL [(none)]> select count(*) from lhrdb1.t;
74+----------+
75| count(*) |
76+----------+
77| 41613 |
78+----------+
791 row in set (0.01 sec)
80
81MySQL [(none)]> select count(*) from lhrdb1.t;
82+----------+
83| count(*) |
84+----------+
85| 41941 |
86+----------+
871 row in set (0.01 sec)
88复制
发现，从库延迟越来越高，主要原因是主库正在进行大批量的数据插入操作。
大约5分钟后，主库执行完毕，
1MySQL [lhrdb1]> call `t_pro`(80000);
2Query OK, 1 row affected (5 min 3.37 sec)
3
4MySQL [lhrdb1]> select count(*) from lhrdb1.t;
5+----------+
6| count(*) |
7+----------+
8| 80000 |
9+----------+
101 row in set (0.01 sec)复制
从库查询，数据已同步完成：
1D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
2mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
3 Seconds_Behind_Master: 30
4
5D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
6mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
7 Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
8
9MySQL [lhrdb1]> select count(*) from lhrdb1.t;
10+----------+
11| count(*) |
12+----------+
13| 80000 |
14+----------+
151 row in set (0.01 sec)
16复制
3.2 主库做更新操作
1MySQL [lhrdb1]> flush logs;
2Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
3
4MySQL [lhrdb1]>
5MySQL [lhrdb1]> show master logs;
6+------------------------+-----------+-----------+
7| Log_name | File_size | Encrypted |
8+------------------------+-----------+-----------+
9| mysql8020M1-bin.000001 | 179 | No |
10| mysql8020M1-bin.000002 | 179 | No |
11| mysql8020M1-bin.000003 | 179 | No |
12| mysql8020M1-bin.000004 | 53350509 | No |
13| mysql8020M1-bin.000005 | 1155468 | No |
14| mysql8020M1-bin.000006 | 1345290 | No |
15| mysql8020M1-bin.000007 | 45018719 | No |
16| mysql8020M1-bin.000008 | 196 | No |
17+------------------------+-----------+-----------+
188 rows in set (0.00 sec)
19
20MySQL [lhrdb1]> update t set name=concat('主键测试，结果验证',t.id) where id <=60000;
21Query OK, 40000 rows affected (1.88 sec)
22Rows matched: 60000 Changed: 40000 Warnings: 0复制
可以看出，主库基本在2s就更新完成，变化的行数为4万行。
从库查询延迟，
1D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
2mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
3 Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
4
5D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
6mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
7 Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
8
9D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
10mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
11 Seconds_Behind_Master: 4
12
13D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
14mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
15 Seconds_Behind_Master: 5
16
17D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
18mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
19 Seconds_Behind_Master: 7
20
21D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
22mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
23 Seconds_Behind_Master: 8
24
25D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
26mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
27 Seconds_Behind_Master: 10
28
29D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
30mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
31 Seconds_Behind_Master: 11
32
33D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
34mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
35 Seconds_Behind_Master: 13
36
37D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
38mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
39 Seconds_Behind_Master: 14
40
41D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
42mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
43 Seconds_Behind_Master: 16
44
45D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
46mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
47 Seconds_Behind_Master: 17
48
49D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
50mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
51 Seconds_Behind_Master: 18
52
53D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
54mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
55 Seconds_Behind_Master: 19
56
57D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
58mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
59 Seconds_Behind_Master: 20
60
61D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
62mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
63 Seconds_Behind_Master: 21
64
65D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
66mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
67 Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
68
69D:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
70mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
71 Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
72复制
可以发现，最长延迟21秒左右。
3.3 分析主库的binlog日志
1root@mysql8020M1:/var/lib/mysql# mysqlbinlog mysql8020M1-bin.000008 --base64-output=decode-row -vv | grep UPDATE | wc -l
240000
3root@mysql8020M1:/var/lib/mysql# mysqlbinlog mysql8020M1-bin.000008 --base64-output=decode-row -vv | more
4/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
5/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
6DELIMITER /*!*/;
7# at 4
8#201112 11:25:24 server id 80203318 end_log_pos 125 CRC32 0x11d2d479 Start: binlog v 4, server v 8.0.20 created 201112 11:25:24
9# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
10# at 125
11#201112 11:25:24 server id 80203318 end_log_pos 196 CRC32 0x443aeae4 Previous-GTIDs
12# dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8:1-240042
13# at 196
14#201112 11:25:33 server id 80203318 end_log_pos 276 CRC32 0xa8eb8112 GTID last_committed=0 sequence_number=1 rbr_only=yes original_committed_timestamp=1605151535412817 immediate_commit_timestamp=1605151535412817 transaction_length=2451018
15/*!50718 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED*//*!*/;
16# original_commit_timestamp=1605151535412817 (2020-11-12 11:25:35.412817 CST)
17# immediate_commit_timestamp=1605151535412817 (2020-11-12 11:25:35.412817 CST)
18/*!80001 SET @@session.original_commit_timestamp=1605151535412817*//*!*/;
19/*!80014 SET @@session.original_server_version=80020*//*!*/;
20/*!80014 SET @@session.immediate_server_version=80020*//*!*/;
21SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8:240043'/*!*/;
22# at 276
23#201112 11:25:33 server id 80203318 end_log_pos 362 CRC32 0x0b667ff4 Query thread_id=26 exec_time=0 error_code=0
24SET TIMESTAMP=1605151533/*!*/;
25SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=26/*!*/;
26SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
27SET @@session.sql_mode=1168113696/*!*/;
28SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
29
30-- 省略部分 ..................
31#201112 11:25:33 server id 80203318 end_log_pos 2446999 CRC32 0x6e0e09e8 Update_rows: table id 105
32# at 2446999
33#201112 11:25:33 server id 80203318 end_log_pos 2451183 CRC32 0x30bfc23e Update_rows: table id 105 flags: STMT_END_F
34### UPDATE `lhrdb1`.`t`
35### WHERE
36### @1=20001 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
37### @2='主键测试20001' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
38### SET
39### @1=20001 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
40### @2='主键测试，结果验证20001' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
41### UPDATE `lhrdb1`.`t`
42### WHERE
43### @1=20002 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
44### @2='主键测试20002' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
45### SET
46### @1=20002 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
47### @2='主键测试，结果验证20002' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
48
49-- 省略部分 ..................
50
51root@mysql8020M1:/var/lib/mysql# mysqlbinlog mysql8020M1-bin.000008 --base64-output=decode-row -vv | tail -n 20
52### @1=59999 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
53### @2='主键测试59999' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
54### SET
55### @1=59999 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
56### @2='主键测试，结果验证59999' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
57### UPDATE `lhrdb1`.`t`
58### WHERE
59### @1=60000 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
60### @2='主键测试60000' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
61### SET
62### @1=60000 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
63### @2='主键测试，结果验证60000' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
64# at 2451183
65#201112 11:25:33 server id 80203318 end_log_pos 2451214 CRC32 0x3d5db696 Xid = 720239
66COMMIT/*!*/;
67SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
68DELIMITER ;
69# End of log file
70/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
71/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;复制
可以看出，在ROW模式下，在主库上执行了一条UPDATE语句，更新了4万行记录，但是在binlog中，记录了4万行的UPDATE语句。
3.4 分析从库的中继日志
1root@mysql8020S1:/var/lib/mysql# mysqlbinlog mysql8020S1-relay-bin.000010 --base64-output=decode-row -vv | grep UPDATE | wc -l
240000复制
可以看出，在从库上也是4万行的UPDATE语句，也是一条一条的进行更新。由于没有主键和索引，所以，就会导致在从库进行4万次的全表扫描，这样也就拖慢了从库APPLY的效率。
四、结论
在MySQL的主从复制架构中，若存在大表，那么一定要有主键或唯一索引，否则将导致很大的主从延迟。
本文结束。
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