学习目标
掌握openGauss的用户和角色管理。
课程学习
使用create user创建的用户与使用create role创建的用户的区别在于,前者可以直接连接登录数据库,而使用create role创建的用户不能直接登录到数据库。必须添加LOGIN权限后,才能登录到数据库管理系统。
删除用户,首先需要将用户拥有的数据库对象转移或者删除。
1.环境准备
创建一个名叫test_tbs的表空间和一个名叫testdb的数据库:
gsql -r CREATE TABLESPACE test_tbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test_tbs1'; CREATE DATABASE testdb WITH TABLESPACE = test_tbs;
2.使用create user创建用户
使用create user创建的用户,具有登录权限。--创建一个名叫user1的数据库用户,其密码为kunpeng@1234,并将数据库testdb所有的权限都授予用户user1: CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234'; GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb TO user1; --执行下面的gsql元命令,查看系统目前有哪些数据库: \l --执行下面的gsql元命令,查看系统目前有哪些用户: \du \q --用刚刚创建的数据库用户user1登录到数据库testdb gsql -d testdb -U user1 -W kunpeng@1234 -r \q
3.使用create role创建用户
使用create role命令创建的用户user2,没有登录权限。--创建一个新的名叫user2的角色,并将数据库testdb所有的权限都授予用户user2: 用户user2对数据库testdb具有的权限和用户user1一模一样。 gsql -r CREATE ROLE user2 IDENTIFIED BY 'kunpeng@1234'; GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb TO user2; --查看当前openGauss数据库集群由哪些用户: \du \q --使用用户user2尝试登录到数据库testdb: gsql -d testdb -U user2 -W kunpeng@1234 -r gsql: FATAL: role "user2" is not permitted to login
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原因:
由于数据库用户user2是使用create role语句创建的,目前还不被允许登录到openGauss数据库管理系统。4.授予用户user2登录权限后:
授予用户user2登录权限后,可以登录数据库gsql -r alter user user2 LOGIN; \du \q --现在我们已经授予了user2用户登录数据库的权限,可以正常登录数据库testdb: gsql -d testdb -U user2 -W kunpeng@1234 -r \q
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- 删除用户和角色
删除用户,首先需要将用户拥有的数据库对象转移或者删除,回收权限。-- 授予用户user2数据库超级用户的权限: gsql -r ALTER USER user2 SYSADMIN; --使用用户user2登录到数据库testdb,创建表空间test_tbs1、数据库testdb、表test1和表test2: \c testdb user2 CREATE TABLESPACE test_tbs1 RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/test_tbs11'; CREATE DATABASE testdb WITH TABLESPACE = test_tbs1; CREATE TABLE test1(col int); CREATE TABLE test2(col int); \q --执行如下的命令,删除用户user2: gsql -r drop user user2; ERROR: role "user2" cannot be dropped because some objects depend on it DETAIL: owner of database testdb owner of tablespace test_tbs1 privileges for database testdb 2 objects in database testdb
###可以看出不能删除用户user2的原因是:
1)用户user2拥有数据库testdb。
2)用户user2拥有表空间对象test_tbs1。
3)用户user2对数据库testdb具有权限。
4)用户user2在数据库testdb中有两个对象。--要删除用户user2,必须先表空间对象和数据库对象的属主修改为其他的用户(如user1用户),或者干脆将其删除: alter database testdb owner to user1; alter tablespace test_tbs1 owner to user1; --回收用户user2对testdb数据库的权限: REVOKE ALL ON DATABASE testdb FROM user2; --在testdb中属于用户user2的数据库对象的处理方法可以是:假如该对象还有用,可以将该对象转移给其他用户;假如该对象没有用,可以直接删除掉该对象 --假设表test1已经没有用了,我们可以删除表test1: \c testdb user2 drop table test1; --假设表test2还有用将表test2转移给用户user1: REASSIGN OWNED BY user2 to user1; \dt \q --执行删除用户的操作,可以删除user2用户 gsql -r drop user user2; \du
课程作业
1、创建test10_tbs的表空间,在这个表空间中创建数据库testdb10
```sql
omm=# create tablespace test10_tbs relative location 'tablespace/tbs'; CREATE TABLESPACE omm=# create database testdb10 with tablespace=test10_tbs; CREATE DATABASE
```
2、使用create user创建用户user10,登录数据库testdb10,创建测试表t1和t2
```sql omm=# create user user10 identified by 'kunpeng@1234'; NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure. CREATE ROLE omm=# grant all on database testdb10 to user10; GRANT omm=# \l List of databases Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges -----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+------------------- omm | omm | UTF8 | C | C | postgres | omm | UTF8 | C | C | template0 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm template1 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm testdb10 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =Tc/omm + | | | | | omm=CTc/omm + | | | | | user10=CTc/omm + | | | | | user10=APm/omm (5 rows) omm=# \du -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- - gaussdb | Sysadmin | {} List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {} user10 |
testdb10=> create table t1 (id int,name char(30)); CREATE TABLE testdb10=> create table t2 as select * from t1; INSERT 0 0
testdb10=> \dt List of relations Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage --------+------+-------+--------+---------------------------------- public | t1 | table | user10 | {orientation=row,compression=no} public | t2 | table | user10 | {orientation=row,compression=no} (2 rows)
```
3、使用create role创建角色role10,登录数据库testdb10
```sql testdb10=> create role role10 identified by 'kunpeng@1234'; NOTICE: The encrypted password contains MD5 ciphertext, which is not secure. CREATE ROLE testdb10=> grant all on database testdb10 to role10; GRANT testdb10=> \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- - gaussdb | Sysadmin | {} omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {} role10 | Cannot login | {} user10 | Sysadmin | {} testdb10=> \q omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10 -U role10 -W kunpgeng@1234 -r gsql: FATAL: Invalid username/password,login denied. omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# alter user role10 login; ALTER ROLE omm=# \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------- - gaussdb | Sysadmin | {} omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {} role10 | | {} user10 | Sysadmin | {} omm=# \q omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10 -U role10 -W kunpeng@1234 -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. ```
4、将表t1直接删除,将前面创建的表空间和数据库、表t2转给role10,删除用户user10
```sql omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# drop table t1; ERROR: table "t1" does not exist omm=# \c testdb10 user10 Password for user user10: Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) You are now connected to database "testdb10" as user "user10". testdb10=> drop table t1; DROP TABLE
omm=# alter database testdb10 owner to role10 ; ALTER DATABASE omm=# alter tablespace test10_tbs owner to role10 ; ALTER TABLESPACE omm=# alter user role10 LOGIN; ALTER ROLE omm=# ALTER USER role10 SYSADMIN; ALTER ROLE omm=# \c testdb10 role10 Password for user role10: Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) You are now connected to database "testdb10" as user "role10". testdb10=> revoke ALL on DATABASE testdb10 from user10; REVOKE testdb10=> alter table t2 owner to role10 ; ALTER TABLE testdb10=> \q omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# drop user user10 ; DROP ROLE ```
5、最后删除role10
```sql omm=# \q omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10 -U role10 -W kunpeng@1234 -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. testdb10=> drop table t2; DROP TABLE testdb10=> \q omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# alter database testdb10 owner to omm ; ALTER DATABASE omm=# alter tablespace test10_tbs owner to omm ; ALTER TABLESPACE omm=# drop user role10 ; DROP ROLE omm=# \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------- gaussdb | Sysadmin | {} omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {} omm=# \q omm@modb:~$ gsql -d testdb10 -U role10 -W kunpeng@1234 -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. testdb10=> drop table t2; DROP TABLE testdb10=> \q omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# alter database testdb10 owner to omm ; ALTER DATABASE omm=# alter tablespace test10_tbs owner to omm ; ALTER TABLESPACE omm=# drop user role10 ; DROP ROLE omm=# \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of -----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------- gaussdb | Sysadmin | {} omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {} ```
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