Prometheus系列6 - thanos组件详解之storer&receiver

栋总侃技术 2021-09-04

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在Prometheus系列4 - 高可用集群thanos一文中向大家介绍了基于 Prometheus 的高可用集群方案thanos。大家对thanos的架构有着一定的了解后，这一节开始将深入讲解每个组件的作用，以及其启动参数的含义讲解。同时，也提供一套在k8s中运行的yaml文件模板。

本小节将会带来store、receive两个组件的讲解。

Minio

thanos可使用对象存储将指标数据做持久化存储，我们先部署一个minio服务做对象存储。部署方式可参考 https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide，在这里就不再讲解。

而在thanos中与对象存储直接交互的组件有：

sidecar - 将prometheus采集的指标写入对象存储；
receive - 将从prometheus上报的数据写入对象存储；
store - query通过store在对象存储中查询指标数据；
compact - 将对象存储里的指标数据压缩处理；
rule - 将新生成的指标数据存储至对象存储。

这些组件通过读取定义的存储文件配置访问Minio，该存储文件的示例如下：

// bucket_config.yaml
type: s3
    config:
      bucket: thanos
      endpoint: 10.6.110.11:9000
      access_key: admin
      secret_key: 12345678  #minio的密码8位以上
      insecure: true
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而若部署在k8s中，我们可以定义一个该配置文件的secret，其他组件读取该secret即可：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: thanos-objectstorage
  namespace: thanos
type: Opaque
stringData:
  objectstorage.yaml: |
    type: s3
    config:
      bucket: thanos
      endpoint: 10.6.110.11:9000
      access_key: admin
      secret_key: 12345678
      insecure: true
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Store

store是供query从对象存储中查询历史指标数据的一个组件。store通过上述定义的bucket_config.yaml配置连接至对象存储。

其启动参数如下：

store
--data-dir=/var/thanos/store
--grpc-address=0.0.0.0:10901
--http-address=0.0.0.0:10902
--objstore.config-file=/etc/thanos/objectstorage.yaml
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store - 以store组件运行
--data-dir - 指定缓存文件的目录
--grpc-address - 指定grpc服务的启动端口
--http-address - 指定http服务的启动端口
--objstore.config-file - 指定对象存储配置文件路径

在k8s中可定义StoregeClass，使用动态绑定机制生成PVC作为缓存文件的目录：

apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: thanos-data-db
provisioner: fuseim.pri/ifs
parameters:
  archiveOnDelete: "false"
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以Statefulset控制器运行store副本：

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: thanos-store
  namespace: thanos
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-store
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-store
  serviceName: thanos-store
  podManagementPolicy: Parallel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-store
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - store
        - --log.level=debug
        - --data-dir=/var/thanos/store
        - --grpc-address=0.0.0.0:10901
        - --http-address=0.0.0.0:10902
        - --objstore.config-file=/etc/thanos/objectstorage.yaml
        #- --experimental.enable-index-header
        image: registry-dev.uihcloud.cn/library/thanos/thanos:v0.21.1
        livenessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 8
          httpGet:
            path: /-/healthy
            port: 10902
            scheme: HTTP
          periodSeconds: 30
        name: thanos-store
        ports:
        - containerPort: 10901
          name: grpc
        - containerPort: 10902
          name: http
        readinessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 20
          httpGet:
            path: /-/ready
            port: 10902
            scheme: HTTP
          periodSeconds: 5
        terminationMessagePolicy: FallbackToLogsOnError
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: var/thanos/store
          name: data
          readOnly: false
        - name: thanos-objectstorage
          subPath: objectstorage.yaml
          mountPath: /etc/thanos/objectstorage.yaml
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 120
      volumes:
      - name: thanos-objectstorage
        secret:
          secretName: thanos-objectstorage
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-store
      name: data
    spec:
      storageClassName: thanos-data-db
      accessModes:
      - ReadWriteOnce
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 20Gi
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同时定义一个service，供query在集群内可以访问到store：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: thanos-store
  namespace: thanos
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-store
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - name: grpc
    port: 10901
    targetPort: 10901
  - name: http
    port: 10902
    targetPort: 10902
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-store
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Receive

在理解Receive工作机制之前，我们需要先了解以remote_write、租户这两个概念。

remote_write

prometheus通过remote write机制，将采集到的指标数据以hook机制发送出去，在prometheus的配置文件中增加配置指定hook地址。而这里的hook地址正是receive提供的http接口。

remote_write:
  - url: http://10.6.118.123:32291/api/v1/receive
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租户

receive会集成许多个prometheus（集群）上传上来的指标，每一个prometheus（集群）认为就是一个租户。

由于receive将会收集多个租户的指标数据，那么receive必然是需要支持可集群扩展的。在定义receive集群中，集群的hash配置文件起着关键的作用。我们来结合一个hash文件的样例来了解该配置文件：

[
    {
        "hashring":"default",
        "endpoints":[
            "thanos-receive-0.thanos-receive.thanos.svc.cluster.local:10901",
            "thanos-receive-1.thanos-receive.thanos.svc.cluster.local:10901"
        ]
    },
    {
        "hashring":"hashring-0",
        "endpoints":[
            "thanos-receive-2.thanos-receive.thanos.svc.cluster.local:10901"
        ],
        "tenants":[
            "tenant-a"
        ]
    },
    {
        "hashring":"hashring-1",
        "endpoints":[
            "thanos-receive-3.thanos-receive.thanos.svc.cluster.local:10901"
        ],
        "tenants":[
            "tenant-b"
        ]
    }
]
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该json文件指出，receive集群一共运行了4个副本：thanos-receive-0、thanos-receive-1、thanos-receive-2、thanos-receive-3；同时指定租户tenant-a通过 thanos-receive-2收集指标，tenant-b通过 thanos-receive-3收集指标，其他的租户通过thanos-receive-0、thanos-receive-1收集指标。

在启动receive之前，可以将该配置通过configMap设置到kubernetes中。

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: thanos-receive-hashrings
  namespace: thanos
data:
  thanos-receive-hashrings.json: |
   [
    {
        "hashring":"default",
        "endpoints":[
            "thanos-receive-0.thanos-receive.thanos.svc.cluster.local:10901",
            "thanos-receive-1.thanos-receive.thanos.svc.cluster.local:10901"
        ]
    },
    {
        "hashring":"hashring-0",
        "endpoints":[
            "thanos-receive-2.thanos-receive.thanos.svc.cluster.local:10901"
        ],
        "tenants":[
            "tenant-a"
        ]
    },
    {
        "hashring":"hashring-1",
        "endpoints":[
            "thanos-receive-3.thanos-receive.thanos.svc.cluster.local:10901"
        ],
        "tenants":[
            "tenant-b"
        ]
    }
]
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我们来看下启动receive需要指定的参数：

receive
--receive.replication-factor=1
--grpc-address=0.0.0.0:10901
--http-address=0.0.0.0:10902
--remote-write.address=0.0.0.0:19291
--objstore.config-file=/etc/thanos/objectstorage.yaml
--tsdb.path=/var/thanos/receive
--tsdb.retention=12h
--label=receive_replica="$(NAME)"
--label=receive="true"
--receive.hashrings-file=/etc/thanos/thanos-receive-hashrings.json
--receive.local-endpoint="$(NAME).thanos-receive.thanos.svc.cluster.local:10901"
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各参数的含义：

receive - 以receive组件运行
--receive.replication-factor - 采集到的指标备份的数量，若配置大于1则会在多个receive实例中存储相同的一份指标数据
--grpc-address - grpc服务的端口
--http-address - http服务的端口
--remote-write.address - remote_write的接口端口
--objstore.config-file - 对象存储配置文件路径
--tsdb.path - 临时文件暂存路径
--tsdb.retention - 多长时间清理一次临时文件
--label=receive_replica - 当前副本处理的数据需要增加的label
--receive.hashrings-file - 集群配置文件的路径
--receive.local-endpoint- 当前副本在集群配置文件中的地址，在集群文件中解析成当前集群。

同样的，我们使用StatefulSet控制器运行receiver副本。

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  labels:
    app: thanos-receive
    tenant: default-tenant
    controller.receive.thanos.io: thanos-receive-controller
    controller.receive.thanos.io/hashring: default
    part-of: thanos
  name: thanos-receive
  namespace: thanos
spec:
  replicas: 4
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: thanos-receive
      tenant: default-tenant
      controller.receive.thanos.io: thanos-receive-controller
      controller.receive.thanos.io/hashring: default
      part-of: thanos
  serviceName: thanos-receive
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: thanos-receive
        tenant: default-tenant
        controller.receive.thanos.io: thanos-receive-controller
        controller.receive.thanos.io/hashring: default
        part-of: thanos
    spec:
      affinity: {}
      containers:
      - args:
        - receive
        - --receive.replication-factor=1
        - --objstore.config=$(OBJSTORE_CONFIG)
        - --tsdb.path=/var/thanos/receive
        - --label=receive_replica="$(NAME)"
        - --receive.local-endpoint=$(NAME).thanos-receive.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local:10901
        - --tsdb.retention=15d
        - --receive.hashrings-file=/etc/thanos/thanos-receive-hashrings.json
        env:
        - name: NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: OBJSTORE_CONFIG
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              key: objectstorage.yaml
              name: thanos-objectstorage
        image: registry-dev.uihcloud.cn/library/thanos/thanos:v0.22.0
        livenessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 8
          httpGet:
            path: /-/healthy
            port: 10902
            scheme: HTTP
          periodSeconds: 30
        name: thanos-receive
        ports:
        - containerPort: 10901
          name: grpc
        - containerPort: 10902
          name: http
        - containerPort: 19291
          name: remote-write
        readinessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 20
          httpGet:
            path: /-/ready
            port: 10902
            scheme: HTTP
          periodSeconds: 5
        terminationMessagePolicy: FallbackToLogsOnError
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: var/thanos/receive
          name: data
          readOnly: false
        - mountPath: etc/thanos/thanos-receive-hashrings.json
          name: thanos-receive-hashrings
          subPath: thanos-receive-hashrings.json
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 900
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: thanos-receive
      name: data
    spec:
      storageClassName: thanos-receiver-data-db
      accessModes:
      - ReadWriteOnce
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 100Gi

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定义service供集群内访问：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: thanos-receive
    tenant: default-tenant
    controller.receive.thanos.io/hashring: default
    part-of: thanos
  name: thanos-receive
  namespace: thanos
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - name: grpc
    port: 10901
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 10901
  - name: http
    port: 10902
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 10902
  - name: remote-write
    port: 19291
    targetPort: 19291
    protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app: thanos-receive
    tenant: default-tenant
    controller.receive.thanos.io: thanos-receive-controller
    controller.receive.thanos.io/hashring: default
    part-of: thanos
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同时，如果有需要在集群外访问（或许receive的上游prometheus不在一个集群内，设置在不同的局域网内），定义receive的供集群外部访问的端口：

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: thanos-receive
    tenant: default-tenant
    controller.receive.thanos.io/hashring: default
    part-of: thanos
  name: thanos-receive-node
  namespace: thanos
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - name: grpc
    port: 10901
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 10901
  - name: http
    port: 10902
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 10902
  - name: remote-write
    port: 19291
    targetPort: 19291
    protocol: TCP
    nodePort: 32291
  selector:
    app: thanos-receive
    tenant: default-tenant
    controller.receive.thanos.io: thanos-receive-controller
    controller.receive.thanos.io/hashring: default
    part-of: thanos
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这样就提供了一个可供query访问、也可供集群外部访问的receive组件。

receive组件的负载是在服务内部，自己处理的。当prometheus上传指标时，通过service任意访问到某个副本。该副本根据携带的租户信息判断是否是该当前副本处理，如果不是则会根据hash.json文件的定义将数据转发给对应的副本进行处理。

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Prometheus系列6 - thanos组件详解之storer&receiver

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