Oracle「错误」ORA-27104:system-defined limits for shared memory ....

Nephilim 2024-09-12

114

Tips：一些记录，一些笔记

2024/9/12

THURSDAY

Persistence of the self, the mind will be disturbed, Everywhere people only consider self, will bring sorrow to yourself.

执着自我的人，心智将会受到干扰；处处只考虑自我的人，将给自己带来忧愁。

错误描述

该错误发生在 DBCA以静默方式建库的时候，具体报错如下所示：

[oracle@node1 ~]$ dbca -silent -ignorePrereqFailure -createDatabase -responseFile upload/oracle/oracle_19c_install_dbca.rsp
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYS' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
   CAUSE: 
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
   ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYSTEM' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
   CAUSE: 
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
   ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
Prepare for db operation
8% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
11% complete
[WARNING] ORA-27104: system-defined limits for shared memory was misconfigured


12% complete
[FATAL] ORA-01034: ORACLE not available


17% complete
100% complete
[FATAL] ORA-01034: ORACLE not available


8% complete
0% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/mes/mes1.log" for further details.
[oracle@node1 ~]$
复制

响应文件的内容：

[oracle@node1 ~]$ cat upload/oracle/oracle_19c_install_dbca.rsp
# %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
# Oracle database 19c RAC  数据库  建库
# %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v19.0.0
templateName=/upload/oracle/oracle_19c_install_dbca.dbt


gdbName=mes
sid=mes


sysPassword=oracle
systemPassword=oracle


nodelist=node1,node2


databaseConfigType=RAC
databaseType=MULTIPURPOSE
policyManaged=false
automaticMemoryManagement=false


initParams=sga_target=9643MB,pga_aggregate_target=2410MB,db_recovery_file_dest_size=40000MB,audit_trail=none,recyclebin=off


listeners=LISTENER


characterSet=AL32UTF8
nationalCharacterSet=AL16UTF16


createServerPool=false
createAsContainerDatabase=false


storageType=ASM
datafileDestination=+DATA/{DB_UNIQUE_NAME}/
recoveryAreaDestination=+ARCH
# diskGroupName=+DATA
[oracle@node1 ~]$
复制

可以从其中「initParams」的设置看到：

SGA	9643 MB
PGA	2410 MB
归档	40000 MB

错误分析

发生该错误的时候，Alert日志的内容如下所示：

[root@node1 trace]# pwd
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/mes/mes1/trace
[root@node1 trace]# 
[root@node1 trace]# ls -ltr
total 28
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 1861 Sep 12 12:49 mes1_ora_32326.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 1624 Sep 12 12:49 mes1_ora_32326.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 1858 Sep 12 13:45 mes1_ora_8689.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 1622 Sep 12 13:45 mes1_ora_8689.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin  998 Sep 12 14:09 alert_mes1.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 1860 Sep 12 14:09 mes1_ora_28788.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 1624 Sep 12 14:09 mes1_ora_28788.trc
[root@node1 trace]# 
[root@node1 trace]# cat alert_mes1.log 
2024-09-12T12:49:09.190546+08:00
Starting ORACLE instance (normal) (OS id: 32326)
2024-09-12T12:49:09.453852+08:00
System cannot support SGA size of 9664 MB.
2024-09-12T12:49:09.453920+08:00
Current maximum shared memory configured 9644 MB.
2024-09-12T12:49:09.453980+08:00
Increase the system shared memory size to atleast 9664 MB.
2024-09-12T13:45:45.591258+08:00
Starting ORACLE instance (normal) (OS id: 8689)
2024-09-12T13:45:45.820170+08:00
System cannot support SGA size of 9664 MB.
2024-09-12T13:45:45.820268+08:00
Current maximum shared memory configured 9644 MB.
2024-09-12T13:45:45.820345+08:00
Increase the system shared memory size to atleast 9664 MB.
2024-09-12T14:09:26.734491+08:00
Starting ORACLE instance (normal) (OS id: 28788)
2024-09-12T14:09:26.966366+08:00
System cannot support SGA size of 9664 MB.
2024-09-12T14:09:26.966437+08:00
Current maximum shared memory configured 9644 MB.
2024-09-12T14:09:26.966498+08:00
Increase the system shared memory size to atleast 9664 MB.
[root@node1 trace]#
复制

可以从这一段看到原因：

System cannot support SGA size of 9664 MB.
Current maximum shared memory configured 9644 MB.
Increase the system shared memory size to atleast 9664 MB.
复制

从这里看到的错误原因很明显，是因为SGA设置的过大。

系统资源：

[oracle@node1 ~]$ df -h dev/shm
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs            12G  641M   12G   6% /dev/shm
[oracle@node1 ~]$
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文件「/etc/sysctl.conf」

[oracle@node1 trace]$ more etc/sysctl.conf 
# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# usr/lib/sysctl.d/, run/sysctl.d/, and etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
vm.nr_hugepages=4821
vm.swappiness=5
kernel.shmall=2468860
kernel.shmmax=10112453836
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.sem=1024 70000 1024 256
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh=41943040
net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh=40894464
net.ipv4.ipfrag_max_dist=1024
net.ipv4.ipfrag_secret_interval=600
net.ipv4.ipfrag_time=120
fs.file-max=6815744
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
net.ipv4.conf.ens192.rp_filter=2
net.ipv4.conf.ens224.rp_filter=2
net.ipv4.conf.ens256.rp_filter=2
[oracle@node1 trace]$
复制

主要看这三个参数：

kernel.shmall=2468860
kernel.shmmax=10112453836
kernel.shmmni=4096
复制

它们之间的关系：

shmmni（通常是固定的）	4096
shmall	shmmax shmni
shmmax	shmmax 1024 1024 1024 = XXX GB

因此，此时的 shmmax 是：9643.987499237060547 MB

需要将它扩大，并同时增大 shmall 的值。

问题解决

在Oracle的报错中，看到：

Increase the system shared memory size to atleast 9664 MB.
复制

因此我们将 shmmax 提升到 9670 MB = 10139729920

[root@node1 tmp]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf | grep shm
kernel.shmall=2475520
kernel.shmmax=10139729920
kernel.shmmni=4096
[root@node1 tmp]#
复制

应用：

[root@node1 tmp]# sysctl -p
vm.nr_hugepages = 4821
vm.swappiness = 5
kernel.shmall = 2475520
kernel.shmmax = 10139729920
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 1024 70000 1024 256
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh = 41943040
net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh = 40894464
net.ipv4.ipfrag_max_dist = 1024
net.ipv4.ipfrag_secret_interval = 600
net.ipv4.ipfrag_time = 120
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.ens192.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.ens224.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.ens256.rp_filter = 2
[root@node1 tmp]#
复制

再次运行DBCA，就没问题了：

END

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Oracle「错误」ORA-27104:system-defined limits for shared memory ....

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